“…The increase of BC dose from 0.1 to 1.0 g/L improved the removal efficiencies from 6% to 33.5%, 9% to 18%, and 6.2% to 18.6% in the case of OX, MA, and LM, respectively at a contact time of 135 min. Raising the adsorbent dose increased the active adsorption sites, leading to improved removal efficiencies of OX, MA, and LM 45 . However the removal of pesticides was not improved by a higher adsorbent dose above 1.0 g/L due to the agglomeration of BC particles which might reduce the surface area available for pollutants adsorption 46 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Raising the adsorbent dose increased the active adsorption sites, leading to improved removal efficiencies of OX, MA, and LM. 45 However the removal of pesticides was not improved by a higher adsorbent dose above 1.0 g/L due to the agglomeration of BC particles which might reduce the surface area available for pollutants adsorption. 46 Therefore, the optimum BC dose was considered 1.0 g/L.…”
Section: Adsorption Performance Of the Prepared Bcmentioning
Biochar (BC) was prepared by carbonizing sludge from agricultural lignocellulosic waste fermentation and then used to adsorb lambdacyhalothrin (LM), malathion (MA), and oxamyl (OX) as potential pesticides in agrochemical industrial wastewater. Additionally, the photodegradation performance of ZnO and ZnO/Fe was evaluated using various catalyst doses in
“…The increase of BC dose from 0.1 to 1.0 g/L improved the removal efficiencies from 6% to 33.5%, 9% to 18%, and 6.2% to 18.6% in the case of OX, MA, and LM, respectively at a contact time of 135 min. Raising the adsorbent dose increased the active adsorption sites, leading to improved removal efficiencies of OX, MA, and LM 45 . However the removal of pesticides was not improved by a higher adsorbent dose above 1.0 g/L due to the agglomeration of BC particles which might reduce the surface area available for pollutants adsorption 46 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Raising the adsorbent dose increased the active adsorption sites, leading to improved removal efficiencies of OX, MA, and LM. 45 However the removal of pesticides was not improved by a higher adsorbent dose above 1.0 g/L due to the agglomeration of BC particles which might reduce the surface area available for pollutants adsorption. 46 Therefore, the optimum BC dose was considered 1.0 g/L.…”
Section: Adsorption Performance Of the Prepared Bcmentioning
Biochar (BC) was prepared by carbonizing sludge from agricultural lignocellulosic waste fermentation and then used to adsorb lambdacyhalothrin (LM), malathion (MA), and oxamyl (OX) as potential pesticides in agrochemical industrial wastewater. Additionally, the photodegradation performance of ZnO and ZnO/Fe was evaluated using various catalyst doses in
“…Several methods have been used to produce graphene with plastics, including CVD (Byun et al 2011 ; Cui et al 2017 ; Ruan et al 2011 ; Sharma et al 2014 ; Sun et al 2010 ; Takami et al 2014 ; Wang et al 2012 ), flash Joule heating (FJH) (Algozeeb et al 2020 ; Wyss et al 2021 ), and pyrolysis and graphitization (Ko et al 2020 ; Mensah et al 2022 ). CVD has successfully transformed different types of plastics into graphene.…”
Section: Morphology Control Of Carbonaceous Materialsmentioning
The accumulation of waste plastics has caused serious environmental issues due to their unbiodegradable nature and hazardous additives. Converting waste plastics to different carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) is a promising approach to minimize plastic pollution and realize advanced manufacturing of CNMs. The reported plastic-derived carbons include carbon filaments (i.e. carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers), graphene, carbon nanosheets, carbon sphere, and porous carbon. In this review, we present the influences of different intrinsic structures of plastics on the pyrolysis intermediates. We also reveal that non-charring plastics are prone to being pyrolyzed into light hydrocarbons while charring plastics are prone to being pyrolyzed into aromatics. Subsequently, light hydrocarbons favor to form graphite while aromatics are inclined to form amorphous carbon during the carbon formation process. In addition, the conversion tendency of different plastics into various morphologies of carbon is concluded. We also discuss other impact factors during the transformation process, including catalysts, temperature, processing duration and templates, and reveal how to obtain different morphological CNMs from plastics. Finally, current technology limitations and perspectives are presented to provide future research directions in effective plastic conversion and advanced CNM synthesis.
“…Contrarily, the uptake capacity decreases from 83.9 to 17.4 mg/g for MB and from 46.1 to 10.7 mg/g for CR dye with increasing material dosages from 5 to 25 g/l. [26]. A rapid increase in percentage MB removal to 83.9% and 46.1% for CR dye at a dosage of 25 mg/l is attributed to the increment in material surface area and active sites available for the adsorption process [27].…”
The recycling of waste materials in wastewater decontamination has been an attractive discipline in zero discharge and energy recovery. Biochar/zeolite nanocomposite has been successfully synthesized as a cheap and eco-friendly material from a solid fraction obtained from the thermos-catalytic conversion of green pea agriculture waste (Pisum sativum). A dark-whitish solid was obtained from thermal pyrolysis at 450 °C with a heating rate of 27 °C/min for 15 min that was further subjected to alkaline chemical activation. The synthesized composites have been examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission emission microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) analyses. The successful preparation of biochar/zeolite nanocomposite was evident from characterization results with an average particle size of 30–40 nm with a high surface area of 15.3 m2/g. The material was evaluated as an eco-friendly adsorbent for decolorization of both cationic methylene blue dye (MB) and Congo red anionic dye (CR) using the batch technique. The influence of dosage, pH, temperature, initial dye concentration, and contact time were studied against the dye adsorption process. It was indicated that the material recorded maximum dye decolorization efficiencies of 87.5% at pH of 12 and 84.1% at pH of 2 for MB and CR, respectively. The optimum material dosage and contact time for dye decolorization were 5 g/l and 60 min, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated from the sorption process and revealed a negative charge of Gibbs free energy ($${\Delta G}^{o}$$
Δ
G
o
) an indication of spontaneity and thermodynamic favorability. Positive enthalpy and entropy demonstrated the endothermic behavior and the disorderliness. Equilibrium adsorption results best fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model, while MB and CR adsorption kinetics were pseudo-second-order reactions.
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