Novel Mutation in the Acetohydroxyacid Synthase (AHAS), Gene Confers Imidazolinone Resistance in Chickpea Cicer arietinum L. Plants

Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutagenesis is a powerful tool to generate genetic resource for identifying untapped genes and characterizing the function of genes to understand the molecular basis of important agronomic traits. This review focuses on application of contemporary EMS mutagenesis in the field of plant development and abiotic stress tolerance research, with particular focuses on reviewing the mutation types, mutagenesis site, mutagen concentration, mutagenesis duration, the identification and characterization of mutations responsible for altered stress tolerance responses. The application of EMS mutation breeding combined with genetic engineering in the future plant breeding and fundamental research was also discussed. The collective information in this review will provide good insight on how EMS mutagenesis is efficiently applied to improve abiotic stress tolerance of crops with the utilization of Next-generation sequencing (NGS) for mutation identification.

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“…Wheat and Chickpea cicer arietinum L. Plants. beans also won the IMI mutants in this way ( Chen et al., 2021 ; Galili et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Recent Studies In Plants Using Ems Mutagenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current trends and insights on EMS mutagenesis application to studies on plant abiotic stress tolerance and development

Chen

Liu²,

Sun³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…In 2021, Galili et al demonstrated that imidazolinone herbicides manifest a broad spectrum of weed control, yet chickpea plants display sensitivity to acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS, also known as acetolactate synthase [ALS]) inhibitors. Through the utilization of the chemical mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), a chickpea line (M2033) was generated, displaying resistance to imidazolinone herbicides [67].…”

Section: Achievements Of Mutation Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced Mutation: A New Paradigm in Pulse Weed Control Strategies

Naveed,

Azeem Asad,

Sayyam Tariq

et al. 2024

Weed Management - Global Strategies [Working Title]

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Pulses hold a remarkable significance by providing affordable source of dietary protein and other vital nutrients. However, various biotic (weeds, pathogens, and insect infestation) and abiotic (temperature, nutrient stress, waterlogging, drought, salinity, and heavy metals) constraints induce substantial harm by decreasing its production. Weeds pose a significant global challenge as these not only compete with crop for vital resources such as sunlight, space, nutrients, and water but also attract other pests and pathogens that can harm the pulse crops. The weed–crop intervention varies significantly based on the crop type, topography, and soil characteristics. The implementation of chemical weed control strategies not only revolutionized the global agriculture but also widely acknowledged as an essential tool in accelerating crop productivity. Pre-emergent herbicides are easy to get in the market; however, the lack of post-emergence herbicides for certain pulses is of primary concern. The use of alternative weed control chemicals not just eradicates weeds but the risk of damaging the pulse crop may persist. The development of herbicide-resistant crop using modern techniques is the current objective of plant researchers. For this aim, induce mutation stands out the most cost-effective and reliable option, which can be accomplished using both physical and chemical mutagens.

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“…Non‐ALS‐based resistance also exists in this species, 19,24,25,27,28 but is most often associated to mutant ALS alleles 24,25,29 . This makes poppy an excellent candidate for herbicide resistance diagnosis based on massive parallel ALS sequencing, all the more so as a number of studies in the domains of weed science, enzymology or crystallography have pinpointed at least 42 ALS codons with a proven or a possible role in sensitivity to ALS inhibitors 30–34 . Of those, nine proven determinants of resistance have been observed in weeds from the field (codons 122, 197, 205, 206, 376, 377, 574, 653 and 654; codon numeration is standardised to the Arabidopsis sequence as recommended), 35,36 12 have been reported in laboratory mutants (121, 124, 196, 199, 203, 256, 351, 352, 375, 570, 571 and 578), and the rest have been identified on the basis of molecular docking or crystallography data (119, 120, 123, 194, 195, 198, 200, 201, 202, 207, 208, 378, 568, 569, 575 and 655 to 660).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, spatial structure and evolution of resistance to acetolactate‐synthase (ALS) inhibitors and 2,4‐D in the major weed Papaver rhoeas (L.) assessed using a massive, country‐wide sampling

Koreki,

Michel,

Lebeaux

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUNDCorn poppy (Papaver rhoeas) is the most damaging broadleaf weed in France. Massively parallel amplicon sequencing was used to investigate the prevalence, mode of evolution and spread of resistance‐endowing ALS alleles in 422 populations randomly sampled throughout poppy's range in France. Bioassays were used to detect resistance to the synthetic auxin 2,4‐D in 43 of these populations.RESULTSA total of 21,100 plants were analysed and 24 mutant ALS alleles carrying an amino‐acid substitution involved or potentially involved in resistance were identified. The vast majority (97.6%) of the substitutions occurred at codon Pro197, where all six possible single‐nucleotide non‐synonymous substitutions plus four double‐nucleotide substitutions were identified. Changes observed in the enzymatic properties of the mutant ALS isoforms could not explain the differences in prevalence among the corresponding alleles. Sequence read analysis showed that mutant ALS alleles had multiple, independent evolutionary origins, and could have evolved several times independently within an area of a few kilometres. Finally, 2,4‐D resistance was associated with mutant ALS alleles in individual plants in one third of the populations assayed.CONCLUSIONThe intricate geographical mosaic of mutant ALS alleles observed is the likely result of the combination of huge population sizes, multiple independent mutation events and human‐mediated spread of resistance. Our work highlights the ability of poppy populations and individual plants to accumulate different ALS alleles and as yet unknown mechanisms conferring resistance to synthetic auxins. This does not bode well for the continued use of chemical herbicides to control poppy.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Novel Mutation in the Acetohydroxyacid Synthase (AHAS), Gene Confers Imidazolinone Resistance in Chickpea Cicer arietinum L. Plants

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

Current trends and insights on EMS mutagenesis application to studies on plant abiotic stress tolerance and development

Current trends and insights on EMS mutagenesis application to studies on plant abiotic stress tolerance and development

Induced Mutation: A New Paradigm in Pulse Weed Control Strategies

Prevalence, spatial structure and evolution of resistance to acetolactate‐synthase (ALS) inhibitors and 2,4‐D in the major weed Papaver rhoeas (L.) assessed using a massive, country‐wide sampling

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