Novel morphological structures in frogs: vocal sac diversity and evolution in Microhylidae (Amphibia: Anura)

Targino, Mariane; Elias-Costa, Agustín J.; Taboada, Carlo; Faivovich, Julián

doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz042

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In most anurans, the IH forms a single, flat layer. However, Targino et al (2019) described the structure, diversity and taxonomic distribution of a dorsal fold, a feature briefly mentioned by Tyler (1979), which they recovered as a synapomorphy of Microhylidae (Fig. 2i).…”

Section: Charactersmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Lugol staining, widely used to enhance contrast and reveal muscle fibre orientation, stains the elastic connective tissue poorly. In this way, the elastic portion appears as pale and smooth, opposed to the orange, striated aspect of the stained muscle (see Targino et al, 2019: fig. 1E).…”

Section: Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1E). The relevance of elastic fibres in the context of vocal sacs was introduced by Ryan (1985), and further developed by Jaramillo et al (1997) and Targino et al (2019). Owing to its relationship with the vocal sac, this state is sexually dimorphic and could present seasonal variation.…”

Section: Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They consist of a thin elastic chamber derived from the buccal mucosa, enveloped externally by the IM and the IH, and the gular skin (Tyler, 1971a). The great morphological diversity of vocal sacs among anuran species is, in part, related to the disparity of the submandibular muscles that form its ventral wall (Liu, 1935;Tyler, 1971aTyler, , 1972Elias-Costa et al, 2017;Targino et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] Tyler, 1979;Burton, 1983Burton, , 1984Burton, , 1986Zweifel, 1985Zweifel, , 2000Targino et al, 2019). Recent studies have included characters of submandibular muscles in phylogenetic analyses in diverse taxa, including Cycloramphidae (Verdade, 2005), Dendrobatoidea (Grant et al, 2006(Grant et al, , 2017, Hemiphractidae (Mendelson et al, 2000), Scinax (Hylidae, Faivovich, 2002), and Sphaenorhynchini (Hylidae, Araujo-Vieira et al, 2019), whereas others focused specifically on this character system, for instance in Ascaphidae + Leiopelmatidae (Johnston, 2011), Brachycephaloidea (Taboada et al, 2013), Ceratophryidae (Fabrezi and Lobo, 2009), Phyllomedusinae (Hylidae, Faivovich et al, 2011), a number of genera formerly included in "Leptodactylidae" (Burton, 1998), Rhinoderma (Manzano and Lavilla, 1995), and a sample of amphibian species (Kordylewski, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of the strikingly diverse submandibular muscles in Anura

2021

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The most ventral muscles of the head (the mm. submentalis, intermandibularis, and interhyoideus) provide support to the gular region and lift the buccal floor during ventilation and feeding. These muscles show limited variation in most gnathostomes, but in Anura they exhibit a surprising diversity. The few studies that have explored this character system highlighted its potential as a source of phylogenetic information. In this paper we explored the diversity of this character system studying specimens of 567 anuran species and reviewing published data to cover a total of 1321 species, belonging to 53 of the 54 currently recognized anuran families, as well as caudates and caecilians. We defined 27 discrete characters including the number of muscle bellies, supplementary layers, hypertrophy and diversity of elastic fibres, and pigmentation, among others, and optimized them on a comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis. We recognized 223 unambiguously optimized synapomorphies for numerous clades on different scales, including three for Anura and many for suprafamiliar clades with poor phenotypic support. Finally, we discussed the evolution of this highly diverse character system, including homology, development, and its functional role in vocalization and feeding. Interestingly, the striking levels of variation in some structures contrast with the amount of phylogenetic inertia, allowing us to recognize several general patterns. Supplementary elements of the m. intermandibularis evolved first as broad layers occuring in more than half of extant anuran species and then concentrated forming discreet bellies in several clades. The anterior portion of the gular region is not sexually dimorphic, and is likely related to ventilation and tongue protraction. Conversely, the diversity of the m. interhyoideus is strongly linked to vocal sacs, which are present only in adult males, suggesting the presence of two independent modules.

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Section: Charactersmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of the strikingly diverse submandibular muscles in Anura

2021

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Analysis of ultraconserved elements supports African origins of narrow-mouthed frogs

Streicher

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Varela-Jaramillo

et al. 2020

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Diversity and evolution of the extraordinary vocal sacs of casque-headed treefrogs (Anura: Hylidae)

Moura

Elias-Costa

Nunes

et al. 2021

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Vocal sacs are among the most conspicuous features of anurans and are particularly striking in casque-headed treefrogs (Hylidae: Hylinae: Lophyohylini) with their wide array of morphologies. In this paper, we assessed the anatomy of vocal sacs in representatives of the Lophyohylini, described eight discrete characters and studied their evolution. We inferred that dorsolateral projections of the vocal sacs were already present during the early evolution of the tribe. Subsequently, they reached surprising volumes in some species, whereas in others they were notably reduced. We inferred between nine and 11 independent events of reduction of the size and lateral projections of the vocal sac, showing unprecedented levels of plasticity for the structure. Moreover, these events were strongly correlated with the colonization of phytotelmata as breeding sites, probably due to their confined space which hampers the inflation of large vocal sacs. Finally, we discuss the evolution of paired lateral vocal sacs in different groups of anurans, and the extent to which the paired and dorsally-projecting lobes of most Trachycephalus differ from those of distantly related taxa. Our findings highlight how variation in internal structure affects the shape of the inflated vocal sac and provides a framework applicable across the Anura.

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Novel morphological structures in frogs: vocal sac diversity and evolution in Microhylidae (Amphibia: Anura)

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Evolution of the strikingly diverse submandibular muscles in Anura

Evolution of the strikingly diverse submandibular muscles in Anura

Analysis of ultraconserved elements supports African origins of narrow-mouthed frogs

Diversity and evolution of the extraordinary vocal sacs of casque-headed treefrogs (Anura: Hylidae)

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