Novel molecular-level evidence of iodine binding to natural organic matter from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Xu, Chen; Chen, Hongmei; Sugiyama, Yuko; Zhang, Saijin; Li, Hsiu-Ping; Ho, Yi‐Fang; Chuang, Chia‐Ying; Schwehr, Kathleen A.; Kaplan, Daniel I.; Yeager, Chris M.; Roberts, Kimberly A.; Hatcher, Patrick G.; Santschi, Peter H.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.064

Cited by 67 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The coexistence of inorganic and organic iodine species has been reported in various environments (Baker et al., 2001; Couture and Seitz, 1983; Muramatsu, 1989; Schwehr et al., 2005a; Schwehr et al., 2005b; Xu et al., 2012a; Xu et al., 2011a; Xu et al., 2011b; Xu et al., 2011c; Xu et al., 2012b; Yuita, 1992; Yuita and Kihou, 2005). For example, methyl iodide is an important gaseous form of iodine in the marine atmosphere and in releases from nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities, while dissolved organo-I compounds comprise up to 40% of total iodine in aqueous samples from estuaries, rivers, and rain (Santschi and Schwehr, 2004).…”

Section: Geochemistry Of Iodinementioning

confidence: 99%

Radioiodine Biogeochemistry and Prevalence in Groundwater

Kaplan

Denham

Zhang

et al. 2014

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

122

117

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129I is commonly either the top or among the top risk drivers, along with 99Tc, at radiological waste disposal sites and contaminated groundwater sites where nuclear material fabrication or reprocessing has occurred. The risk stems largely from 129I having a high toxicity, a high bioaccumulation factor (90% of all the body's iodine concentrates in the thyroid), a high inventory at source terms (due to its high fission yield), an extremely long half-life (16M years), and rapid mobility in the subsurface environment. Another important reason that 129I is a key risk driver is that there is uncertainty regarding its biogeochemical fate and transport in the environment. We typically can define 129I mass balance and flux at sites, but cannot predict accurately its response to changes in the environment. As a consequence of some of these characteristics, 129I has a very low drinking water standard, which is set at 1 pCi/L, the lowest of all radionuclides in the Federal Register. Recently, significant advancements have been made in detecting iodine species at ambient groundwater concentrations, defining the nature of the organic matter and iodine bond, and quantifying the role of naturally occurring sediment microbes to promote iodine oxidation and reduction. These recent studies have led to a more mechanistic understanding of radioiodine biogeochemistry. The objective of this review is to describe these advances and to provide a state of the science of radioiodine biogeochemistry relevant to its fate and transport in the terrestrial environment and provide information useful for making decisions regarding the stewardship and remediation of 129I contaminated sites. As part of this review, knowledge gaps were identified that would significantly advance the goals of basic and applied research programs for accelerating 129I environmental remediation and reducing uncertainty associated with disposal of 129I waste. Together the information gained from addressing these knowledge gaps will not alter the observation that 129I is primarily mobile, but it will likely permit demonstration that the entire 129I pool in the source term is not moving at the same rate and some may be tightly bound to the sediment, thereby smearing the modeled 129I peak and reducing maximum calculated risk.

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Section: Geochemistry Of Iodinementioning

confidence: 99%

Radioiodine Biogeochemistry and Prevalence in Groundwater

Kaplan

Denham

Zhang

et al. 2014

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

122

117

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“…It is important to note that the terminology such as humic substances and its subsidiary groups, HA and FA, are still commonly used in peer-reviewed papers assessing iodine geodynamics. 18,21,[42][43][44] A more robust understanding of iodine dynamics in soils could be obtained if, instead of studying hypothetical interactions between iodine extracts of 'humic substances', future research were to assess the interactions between organic matter and iodine by investigating the entire soil organic matter or soil solution rather than what is extractable by alkali. 41 Schlegel, et al 43 stated that when iodine enters a soil it can react in at least three ways: (1) methylation of inorganic iodine by microbes, (2) iodination of phenolic moieties and (3) iodination of amines, in addition the adsorption of inorganic iodine by variable-charge oxides, such as Fe oxides, is an important initial reaction.…”

Section: Iodine Geodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of ESI has previously been used on metal-ligand solution equilibria to characterise org-I compounds. 44,122,144,145 Electrospray ionisation uses electrical energy to assist the transfer of charged ions from solution into the gaseous phase prior to MS analyses. The transfer involves three steps: (1) dispersal of a fine spray of charge droplets, (2) solvent evaporation, and (3) ion ejection from the highly charged droplets 146 .…”

Section: Electrospray Ionisation (Esi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine soil dynamics and methods of measurement: a review

Humphrey

Young

Bailey

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Iodine is an essential micronutrient for human health: insufficient intake can have multiple effects on development and growth, affecting approximately 1.9 billion people worldwide. Previous reviews have focussed on iodine analysis in environmental and biological samples, however, no such review exists for the determination of iodine fractionation and speciation in soils. This article reviews the geodynamics of both stable I and the long-lived isotopeI (t = 15.7 million years), alongside the analytical methods for determining iodine concentrations in soils, including consideration of sample preparation. The ability to measure total iodine concentration in soils has developed significantly from rudimentary spectrophotometric analysis methods to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Analysis with ICP-MS has been reported as the best method for determining iodine concentrations in a range of environmental samples and soils due to developments in extraction procedures and sensitivity, with extremely good detection limits typically <μg L. The ability of ICP-MS to measure iodine and its capabilities to couple on-line separation tools has the significance to develop the understanding of iodine geodynamics. In addition, nuclear-related analysis and recent synchrotron light source analysis are discussed.

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“…This methodology has the advantages that it can give a global description of samples and can be used to study the effect on samples of chemical reactions, 18 the efficiency of industrial processes, 19 or to characterize and compare natural substances. 20 For several years, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has been employed as a powerful tool for the chemical speciation of extremely complex mixtures. 21,22 It involves the use of an ionization method such as electrospray ionization (ESI) to generate mainly protonated or deprotonated molecules with a limited number of fragments without the use of chromatography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%