Novel Modifications in RNA

Phelps, Kelly J.; Morris, Alexi A.; Beal, Peter A.

doi:10.1021/cb200422t

Cited by 65 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…A recent review provides an up to date account of the use of click chemistry in RNA modification and other novel methods for site specific labeling (Phelps et al, 2012). Alkyne derivatized nucleotide phosphoramidite bases are now available for solid phase synthesis that enable single or multiple conjugates to be introduced by click reaction (Yamada et al, 2011).…”

Section: Oligonucleotide Conjugate Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Uptake and Intracellular Trafficking of Oligonucleotides: Implications for Oligonucleotide Pharmacology

Juliano

Xin

Carver

et al. 2014

Nucleic Acid Therapeutics

104

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One of the major constraints on the therapeutic use of oligonucleotides is inefficient delivery to their sites of action in the cytosol or nucleus. Recently it has become evident that the pathways of cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of oligonucleotides can strongly influence their pharmacological actions. Here we provide background information on the basic processes of endocytosis and trafficking and then review recent literature on targeted delivery and subcellular trafficking of oligonucleotides in that context. A variety of approaches including molecular scale ligand-oligonucleotide conjugates, ligand-targeted nanocarriers, and the use of small molecules to enhance oligonucleotide effects are discussed.

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Section: Oligonucleotide Conjugate Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Uptake and Intracellular Trafficking of Oligonucleotides: Implications for Oligonucleotide Pharmacology

Juliano

Xin

Carver

et al. 2014

Nucleic Acid Therapeutics

104

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“…There are numerous examples of marked spectral effects observed upon binding of fluorescent nucleoside substrates/inhibitors to the active centers of enzymes and ribozymes, [1,2,9,10,20,102] many of these still awaiting their interpretation. The concept of ESPT may be also useful for the interpretation of the modified RNA/DNA fluorescence, [52,103,104] and recently was postulated to explain the mechanism of 4-6 photolyases. [105] Intermolecular ESPT and phototautomerism are common phenomena in this class of compounds, and many other examples are likely to be found in the near future.…”

Section: Unresolved Problems and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excited-State Proton Transfer and Phototautomerism in Nucleobase and Nucleoside Analogs: A Mini-Review

Wierzchowski¹

2014

Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

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Intermolecular excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) has been observed in several fluorescent nucleobase and/or nucleoside analogs. In the present work, some new examples of ESPT in this class of compounds are presented together with a brief recapitulation of the previously published data. The nucleobases, nucleosides, and their analogs contain many basic and acidic centers and therefore their ESPT behavior may be complex. To interpret the complex data, it is usually necessary to determine the microscopic pK* values for each (or most) of the possible ESPT centers. Typical approach to solve this problem is by analysis of the alkyl derivatives, in which the possibility of the ESPT is reduced. Of particular interest are examples of "phototautomerization via the cation," observed in several systems, which in the neutral media do not undergo ESPT. Protonation of the molecule in the ground state facilitates the two-step phototautomerism in several systems, including formycin A and 2-amino-8-azadenine. Fluorescence of the nucleobase and nucleoside analogs undergoing ESPT is usually solvent-, isotope-, and buffer-ion sensitive, and in some systems the ESPT can be promoted by environmental factors, e.g., the presence of buffer ions. This sensitivity to the microenvironment parameters makes the ESPT systems potentially useful for biological applications.

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“…Despite the large number of approaches that can be applied to modify the RN A structure, the following modifications are the ones most commonly used ( Fig. 6 ): phosphorothioate (PS), 2’-O-methyl (2’-OMe), 2’-fluoro (2’-F), 2’-O-methoxyethyl (2’-MOE), and locked nucleic acid (LNA) [2, 46, 50]. Phosphate backbone modifications entail changes to the phosphodiester bonds of the nucleotides in the RN A molecule.…”

Section: Chemical Modifications Of Rnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Viral Delivery and Therapeutic Application of Small Interfering RNAs

Никитенко

Prassolov

2013

Acta Naturae

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful method used for gene expression regulation. The increasing knowledge about the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon creates new avenues for the application of the RNAi technology in the treatment of various human diseases. However, delivery of RNA interference mediators, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), to target cells is a major hurdle. Effective and safe pharmacological use of siRNAs requires carriers that can deliver siRNA to its target site and the development of methods for protection of these fragile molecules from in vivo degradation. This review summarizes various strategies for siRNA delivery, including chemical modification and non-viral approaches, such as the polymer-based, peptide-based, lipid-based techniques, and inorganic nanosystems. The advantages, disadvantages, and prospects for the therapeutic application of these methods are also examined in this paper.

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Novel Modifications in RNA

Cited by 65 publications

References 100 publications

Cellular Uptake and Intracellular Trafficking of Oligonucleotides: Implications for Oligonucleotide Pharmacology

Cellular Uptake and Intracellular Trafficking of Oligonucleotides: Implications for Oligonucleotide Pharmacology

Excited-State Proton Transfer and Phototautomerism in Nucleobase and Nucleoside Analogs: A Mini-Review

Non-Viral Delivery and Therapeutic Application of Small Interfering RNAs

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