Novel microsatellite markers for Pyura chilensis reveal fine-scale genetic structure along the southern coast of Chile

Giles, Emily; Petersen-Zúñiga, C.; Morales-González, Sarai; Quesada-Calderón, Suany; Saenz‐Agudelo, Pablo

doi:10.1007/s12526-017-0672-9

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Later,Haye and Muñoz-Herrera (2013), using a nuclear and a mitochondrial marker, describe genetic homogeneity for this organism along practically the entire southeast Pacific (from 26°S to 41°S) with the exception of one locality where individuals are genetically distinct (Los Molinos, included in this study). Our results and those fromGiles et al (2017) indicate that Los Molinos is not an outlier locality but rather a site in close proximity to a pronounced genetic break. More recently, three genetically distinct groups along the southeastern Pacific have been identified according to single nucleotide polymorphisms and Los Molinos has been highlighted again as the location where the highest degree of genetic differentiation occurs(Segovia et al, 2017).…”

supporting

confidence: 66%

“…For more information on the PCR protocol, marker details, and thermocycler profiles, see Giles et al (2017). For more information on the PCR protocol, marker details, and thermocycler profiles, see Giles et al (2017).…”

Section: Dna Extraction and Genotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have suggested that larval duration in laboratory conditions is only 12 to 24 hr. All of these previous studies have utilized samples taken hundreds of kilometers apart, but a recent study has shown that genetic differences exist between localities that are separated by only 20 km (Giles, Petersen-Zúñiga, Morales-González, Quesada-Calderon, & Saenz-Agudelo, 2017). It has been documented that this species can self-fertilize, but in the presence of congeners, cross-fertilization is favored (Astorga & Ortiz, 2006;Manríquez & Castilla, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we investigate whether the observed population genetic structure of P. chilensis reported by Giles et al (2017) in southern Chile may be due to life history traits such as dispersal and mating strategies. To do this, we conducted a genetic survey using a hierarchical experimental design and ten polymorphic microsatellite markers to assess genetic diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three well-differentiated mitochondrial clades have also been found for P. chilensis, and one of these is only found in Los Molinos. Additionally, the genetic differentiation of Mehuín does not appear to be a product of limited larval dispersal at least at the scale of 40 km because genetic homogeneity was found between the localities of Pilolcura and Chaihuín(Giles et al, 2017) as well as between Mehuín and other localities north of it (unpublished data). Our results and those fromGiles et al (2017) indicate that Los Molinos is not an outlier locality but rather a site in close proximity to a pronounced genetic break.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fine‐scale hierarchical genetic structure and kinship analysis of the ascidianPyura chilensisin the southeastern Pacific

Morales-González

Giles

Quesada-Calderón

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Studying population structure and genetic diversity at fine spatial scales is key for a better understanding of demographic processes that influence population connectivity. This is particularly important in marine benthic organisms that rely on larval dispersal to maintain connectivity among populations. Here, we report the results of a genetic survey of the ascidian Pyura chilensis from three localities along the southeastern Pacific. This study follows up on a previous report that described a genetic break in this region among localities only 20 km apart. By implementing a hierarchical sampling design at four spatial levels and using ten polymorphic microsatellite markers, we test whether differences in fine‐scale population structure explain the previously reported genetic break. We compared genetic spatial autocorrelations, as well as kinship and relatedness distributions within and among localities adjacent to the genetic break. We found no evidence of significant autocorrelation at the scale up to 50 m despite the low dispersal potential of P. chilensis that has been reported in the literature. We also found that the proportion of related individuals in close proximity (<1 km) was higher than the proportion of related individuals further apart. These results were consistent in the three localities. Our results suggest that the spatial distribution of related individuals can be nonrandom at small spatial scales and suggests that dispersal might be occasionally limited in this species or that larval cohorts can disperse in the plankton as clustered groups. Overall, this study sheds light on new aspects of the life of this ascidian as well as confirms the presence of a genetic break at 39°S latitude. Also, our data indicate there is not enough evidence to confirm that this genetic break can be explained by differences in fine‐scale genetic patterns among localities.

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supporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Dna Extraction and Genotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine‐scale hierarchical genetic structure and kinship analysis of the ascidianPyura chilensisin the southeastern Pacific

Morales-González

Giles

Quesada-Calderón

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Signatures of local adaptation in the spatial genetic structure of the ascidian Pyura chilensis along the southeast Pacific coast

Segovia

González‐Wevar

Haye

2020

Sci Rep

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The highly heterogeneous Humboldt Current System (HCS) and the 30°S transition zone on the southeast Pacific coast, represent an ideal scenario to test the influence of the environment on the spatial genomic structure in marine near-shore benthic organisms. In this study, we used seascape genomic tools to evaluate the genetic structure of the commercially important ascidian Pyura chilensis, a species that exhibits a low larval transport potential but high anthropogenic dispersal. A recent study in this species recorded significant genetic differentiation across a transition zone around 30°S in putatively adaptive SNPs, but not in neutral ones, suggesting an important role of environmental heterogeneity in driving genetic structure. Here, we aim to understand genomicoceanographic associations in P. chilensis along the Southeastern Pacific coast using two combined seascape genomic approaches. Using 149 individuals from five locations along the HCS, a total of 2,902 SNPs were obtained by Genotyping-By-Sequencing, of which 29-585 were putatively adaptive loci, depending on the method used for detection. In adaptive loci, spatial genetic structure was better correlated with environmental differences along the study area (mainly to Sea Surface Temperature, upwelling-associated variables and productivity) than to the geographic distance between sites. Additionally, results consistently showed the presence of two groups, located north and south of 30°S, which suggest that local adaptation processes seem to allow the maintenance of genomic differentiation and the spatial genomic structure of the species across the 30°S biogeographic transition zone of the Humboldt Current System, overriding the homogenizing effects of gene flow. Most marine taxa, and especially near-shore invertebrates, have free-living larval stages allowing dispersal across heterogeneous environments that lack evident barriers to gene flow 1-3. Dispersal has been often assumed to be an effective mechanism of maintaining connectivity between local populations 4,5. Nonetheless, many species display inconsistent patterns of genetic structure with those predicted from their developmental modes 6-9. For instance, several direct developers are broadly distributed over thousands of kilometers, probably through long-distance dispersal mediated by rafting 6,8,10-13 , while many broadcast-spawners exhibit high levels of genetic structure at narrower geographical scales 2,7,14. Currently, it is widely accepted that evolutionary forces, despite dispersal, can shape the genetic structure of a species across its distribution. Such factors include natural selection, phenotypeenvironmental mismatch and local adaptation, which may override the genetic signatures expected solely on the basis of gene flow 15-17. Understanding how environmental factors influence the contemporary spatial distribution of genomic diversity has become a main goal in evolutionary ecology and biogeography 18-23. Many relevant environmental variables are heterogeneous across a species' distributi...

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Larval Dispersal Modeling Suggests Limited Ecological Connectivity Between Fjords on the West Antarctic Peninsula

Ziegler

Hahn-Woernle

Powell

et al. 2020

Integrative and Comparative Biology

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Abstract Larval dispersal is a key process for community assembly and population maintenance in the marine environment, yet it is extremely difficult to measure at ecologically relevant spatio-temporal scales. We used a high-resolution hydrodynamic model and particle-tracking model to explore the dispersal of simulated larvae in a hydrographically complex region of fjords on the West Antarctic Peninsula. Modeled larvae represented two end members of dispersal potential observed in Antarctic benthos resulting from differing developmental periods and swimming behavior. For simulations of low dispersing larvae (pre-competency period= 8 days, settlement period= 15 days, swimming downward) self-recruitment within fjords was important, with no larval settlement occurring in adjacent fjords < 50 km apart. For simulations of highly dispersing organisms (pre-competency period= 35-120 days, settlement period= 30-115 days, no swimming behavior), dispersal between fjords occurred when larvae were in the water column for at least 35 days, but settlement was rarely successful even for larvae spending up to 150 days in the plankton. The lack of ecological connectivity between fjords within a single spawning event suggests that these fjords harbor ecologically distinct populations in which self-recruitment may maintain populations, and genetic connectivity between fjords is likely achieved through stepping-stone dispersal. Export of larvae from natal fjord populations to the broader shelf region (> 100 km distance) occurred within surface layers (< 100 m depth) and was enhanced by episodic katabatic wind events that may be common in glaciomarine fjords worldwide.

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Novel microsatellite markers for Pyura chilensis reveal fine-scale genetic structure along the southern coast of Chile

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

Fine‐scale hierarchical genetic structure and kinship analysis of the ascidianPyura chilensisin the southeastern Pacific

Fine‐scale hierarchical genetic structure and kinship analysis of the ascidianPyura chilensisin the southeastern Pacific

Signatures of local adaptation in the spatial genetic structure of the ascidian Pyura chilensis along the southeast Pacific coast

Larval Dispersal Modeling Suggests Limited Ecological Connectivity Between Fjords on the West Antarctic Peninsula

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