Novel micelle formulations to increase cutaneous bioavailability of azole antifungals

Nanocarrier-based topical drug delivery for the treatment of skin diseases

“…A noteworthy increase in the econazole nitrate in skin deposition was achieved using micelles. The study revealed their ability to improve cutaneous drug bioavailability and improved clinical efficacy in vivo [84]. The particle size of polymeric micelles is smaller (10 --100 nm) as compared with other carriers, and it is a suitable approach for enhancing drug deposition into the skin.…”

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy as a Tool for the Investigation of Skin Drug Delivery Systems and Diagnosis of Skin Disorders

“…The images ( Figure 5) showed a time-dependence penetration into the skin, as initially, the particles tended to penetrate between the corneocytes isles (green stained) and, further application time, the vesicles tended to penetrate via intercellular lipids and follicular regions (red stained) until a maximum depth of 60 μm [57]. CSLM showed that a fluorescein loaded micelle formulation penetrate via follicular pathway and accumulate in epidermis up to a depth of 40 μm [34]. It is possible to obtain CLSM images by sequential excitation using dual-labeled delivery systems, i.e., systems formulated with two different types of probes aiming to elucidate their mode of action.…”

“…In this sense, the use of CLSM with other physicochemical techniques such as Raman [113], infrared spectroscopy [39], differential scanning calorimetry and small-and wide-angle X-ray scatter-ing [114], occlusive studies [115], dermatopharmacokinetic analysis [39] and transmission electron microscopy [116], help to further elucidate the exact drug/skin interaction, i.e., the mechanism of skin penetration. In addition, these techniques also permit to determine the skin interaction of delivery systems [34,[117][118][119][120] and the skin modification promoted by physical methods [32,[121][122][123], aiding to clarify the exact mechanism by which these techniques increase the skin penetration of drugs and biomolecules.…”

The Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Group: Where Pharmaceutical Chemistry Meets Biology and Drug Delivery

“…[69] A recent study comparing the topical delivery of econazole nitrate from an aqueous micellar formulation to that from a marketed product (Pevaryl ® ) into porcine and human skin in vitro demonstrated a significant increase in econazole nitrate delivery over the marketed formulation. [69] Studies are currently underway to explore other potential applications of these micellar systems in dermatology.…”

“…® ) for minimally invasive drug delivery into and across the skin. [69,[87][88][89][90][91][92] The P. L.E.A.S.E. ® device applies short duration energy pulses (a few µs) at 2.94 µm that excite water molecules in the epidermis and result in their evaporation.…”