Novel Method for the Synthesis of Hydrophobic Pt−Ru Nanoparticles and Its Application to Preparing a Nafion-Free Anode for the Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

Tu, Hung-Chi; Wang, Wenlin; Wan, Chi‐Chao; Wang, Yung-Yun

doi:10.1021/jp061638l

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Additionally, the use of SWCNT–based buckypaper provides stability for the electrocatalysts in aqueous electrolytes. This permits to avoid the use of ion conducting catalyst binders (typically Nafion in acid solution and Tokuyama AS‐4 in the alkaline one), which can be expensive or detrimental to the electrocatalytic activity of the catalyst . The hybrid heterostructures formed by commercial SWCNTs (mass loading 1.2 mg cm −2 ) and β‐InSe samples (mass loading 1.2 mg cm −2 for each sample) were produced through a sequential vacuum filtration deposition on nylon membranes obtaining flexible binder‐free active electrodes, which are compatible with high‐throughput scalable industrial manufacturing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid‐Phase Exfoliated Indium–Selenide Flakes and Their Application in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Petroni

Lago

Bellani

et al. 2018

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107

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Single- and few-layered InSe flakes are produced by the liquid-phase exfoliation of β-InSe single crystals in 2-propanol, obtaining stable dispersions with a concentration as high as 0.11 g L . Ultracentrifugation is used to tune the morphology, i.e., the lateral size and thickness of the as-produced InSe flakes. It is demonstrated that the obtained InSe flakes have maximum lateral sizes ranging from 30 nm to a few micrometers, and thicknesses ranging from 1 to 20 nm, with a maximum population centered at ≈5 nm, corresponding to 4 Se-In-In-Se quaternary layers. It is also shown that no formation of further InSe-based compounds (such as In Se ) or oxides occurs during the exfoliation process. The potential of these exfoliated-InSe few-layer flakes as a catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is tested in hybrid single-walled carbon nanotubes/InSe heterostructures. The dependence of the InSe flakes' morphologies, i.e., surface area and thickness, on the HER performances is highlighted, achieving the best efficiencies with small flakes offering predominant edge effects. The theoretical model unveils the origin of the catalytic efficiency of InSe flakes, and correlates the catalytic activity to the Se vacancies at the edge of the flakes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid‐Phase Exfoliated Indium–Selenide Flakes and Their Application in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Petroni

Lago

Bellani

et al. 2018

Small

107

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“…To date, there are many methodst os uccessfully prepareP tRu bimetallic nanomaterials, such as the use of polyols, microemulsions, coimpregnation, and coreduction. [22][23][24][25] However, most PtRu bimetallic catalysts were prepared by reducing the metal salt precursors with the assistance of reducing agents and surfactants. [13,26] These methods typically involveamultistep operation, and thus, are difficult to simultaneously achieve good control for uniformity of the compositiona nd structure of the resulting nanocatalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, much effort has been invested in the development of new synthetic routes to the fabrication of various PtRu nanostructures with the aim of improving their catalytic performances by controlling the size, shape, and compositions. To date, there are many methods to successfully prepare PtRu bimetallic nanomaterials, such as the use of polyols, microemulsions, coimpregnation, and coreduction . However, most PtRu bimetallic catalysts were prepared by reducing the metal salt precursors with the assistance of reducing agents and surfactants .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoporous PtRu Alloys with Unique Catalytic Activity toward Hydrolytic Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane

Zhou

2016

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Nanoporous (NP) PtRu alloys with three different bimetallic components were straightforwardly fabricated by dealloying PtRuAl ternary alloys in hydrochloric acid. Selective etching of aluminum from source alloys generates bicontinuous network nanostructures with uniform size and structure. The as-made NP-PtRu alloys exhibit superior catalytic activity toward the hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB) than pure NP-Pt and NP-Ru owing to alloying platinum with ruthenium. The NP-Pt70 Ru30 alloy exhibits much higher specific activity toward hydrolytic dehydrogenation of AB than NP-Pt30 Ru70 and NP-Pt50 Ru50 . The hydrolysis activation energy of NP-Pt70 Ru30 was estimated to be about 38.9 kJ mol(-1) , which was lower than most of the reported activation energy values in the literature. In addition, recycling tests show that the NP-Pt70 Ru30 is still highly active in the hydrolysis of AB even after five runs, which indicates that NP-PtRu alloy accompanied by the network nanoarchitecture is beneficial to improve structural stability toward the dehydrogenation of AB.

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“…For example, when PtRu alloy is used, the Ru atoms will substitute Pts function in Equation 4.2; and the reaction (4.4) happens at an electrode potential of 0.2-0.3 V, which is lower than the potential needed for the pure Pt catalyst. The function of Pt-Ru for catalytic methanol oxidation is commonly described in the term of the bi-functional mechanism [25][26][27]. Therefore, the overall potential of methanol oxidation shown in Equation 4.5 can be significantly reduced.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For the coprecipitation method, the platinum halide and transition metal oxide are mixed with an excess of sodium nitrate, and heated to 500 C for a few hours. Then the solidified melt is washed with water to remove nitrate and chloride, and reduced by hydrogen gas between room temperature and 200 C. For the colloidal method, surfactant or polymer is often used as stabilizers to protect the nanosized particles from recombination; and the reduction temperature is well below 200 C. However, it has been discovered that the conditions of the colloidal method also create a space for the nanoparticle to grow [25], which is a main factor to limit the particle size for this method. In addition, the removing of stabilizer after reduction becomes a major concern.…”

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confidence: 99%

Combinatorial and High Throughput Screening of DMFC Electrocatalysts

Jiang

Chu

2009

Electrocatalysis of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

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Portable power sources play an important role in our daily life due to the increasing needs of using various power consuming electronics such as notebook computers, cell phones and digital cameras. Currently, the most widely used portable power sources are batteries. The high cost and low energy density of batteries are far behind our demands for power requirement. Even for the state-of-the-art battery, such as lithium ion battery, the energy density is less than 180 Wh/Kg. Innovative power sources are urgently needed to be an alternative to batteries. In recent years, fuel cells have attracted much attention, as they can directly convert the chemical energy of fuel to electric energy through electrochemical reactions. A fuel cell consists of an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte membrane between the anode and the cathode. The most common type of fuel cell is polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell, which uses hydrogen or alcohol as fuel. Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) directly uses methanol as fuel. Because of the high theoretical fuel energy density (6081 Wh/kg), and the ease of storage and transport of the liquid fuel, DMFC has become one of the more promising energy conversion sources for portable applications. People began to study direct use of methanol to generate electricity by a fuel cell early in 1960s [1][2][3][4]. However, the research on DMFC was relatively slow during the first 30 years [5-10] due to two main technical barriers: slow catalytic kinetic rates for methanol oxidation at the anode and oxygen reduction at the cathode; as well as methanol crossover from the anode to the cathode through the electrolyte membrane. Methanol crossover causes not only fuel waste, but also cathode electrode depolarization. The application of Nafion perfluorosulfonic acid as a solid polymeric electrolyte membrane has largely blocked the methanol crossover in comparison to using liquid electrolyte [11][12][13][14][15].Much effort has been made in seeking electrode catalysts. Various non-platinum catalysts, such as metallo-porphyrins and metallo-phthalocyanines [16][17][18][19] were investigated for catalytic reduction of oxygen. For example, Anson and Collman et al. [20,21] have synthesized and studied dimeric cofacial cobalt porphyrins, which

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Novel Method for the Synthesis of Hydrophobic Pt−Ru Nanoparticles and Its Application to Preparing a Nafion-Free Anode for the Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

Cited by 27 publications

References 30 publications

Liquid‐Phase Exfoliated Indium–Selenide Flakes and Their Application in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Liquid‐Phase Exfoliated Indium–Selenide Flakes and Their Application in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Nanoporous PtRu Alloys with Unique Catalytic Activity toward Hydrolytic Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane

Combinatorial and High Throughput Screening of DMFC Electrocatalysts

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