Novel method for the detection of nitroglycerin in smokeless powders

Roberts, Marcel; Petraco, Nicholas; Gittings, M. L.

doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2015.08.001

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Recently, forensic laboratories have concentrated their efforts on the interpretation of organic shot residue (OGSR) with a special focus on the stabilizers present in different types of ammunition, such as methyl centralite (MC; 1,3‐dimethyl‐1,3‐diphenylurea) and ethyl centralite (EC; 1,3‐diethyl‐1,3‐diphenylurea), 2,10,12 as well as trinitrotoluene (TNT) and dinitrotoluene (DNT) explosives. The commonly employed techniques in forensic area for the detection of OGSR are gas and liquid chromatography (GC and LC) coupled to mass spectrometry, spectroscopic techniques such as Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), laser‐induced dissociation (LIBS), and electrochemical methods 13–18 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The commonly employed techniques in forensic area for the detection of OGSR are gas and liquid chromatography (GC and LC) coupled to mass spectrometry, spectroscopic techniques such as Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), laser-induced dissociation (LIBS), and electrochemical methods. [13][14][15][16][17][18] Mass spectrometry is a highly sensitive and versatile tool that has been gaining space in the forensic area [4][5][6][7] in the investigation and identification of known and unknown chemical compounds in this field. A mass spectrometer has three main components, the ionization source, the mass analyzer, and the detector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Detection of organic gunshot residues from human hands using direct sample analysis‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The organic gunshot residues (OGSRs), specifically methyl centralite (MC; 1,3‐dimethyl‐1,3‐diphenylurea), ethyl centralite (EC; 1,3‐diethyl‐1,3‐diphenylurea), 2,4‐DNT (2,4‐dinitrotoluene), and TNT (trinitrotoluene), are characteristic compounds for which forensic analysts test determining if a person has discharged a firearm. A set of 200 samples from 50 shooters were collected as part of the validation study. Pistol 9 mm and special revolver .38 were fired at indoor and outdoor shooting ranges. The development of a methodology based on direct analysis of samples‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry (DSA‐TOF‐MS) made it possible to identify the main components of organic shot residues, which gave the possibility to introduce a new method of analysis of shot residues in the Chilean supply area. The DSA‐TOF‐MS provided extensive information on the composition of the shot residues: MC, EC, 2,4‐DNT, and TNT. Samples taken from the trigger hands required minimal sample preparation that reduced analyses time. With the implementation of new alternative analytical methodologies, a great step would be taken in the analysis of OGSRs, because now there is no such technique for its analysis in Chile, and the results would also complement the existing inorganic elemental analyses generated during a gunshot.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of organic gunshot residues from human hands using direct sample analysis‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Smokeless powder is used as the shotshell propellant. The types of smokeless powder available for use include a single‐base powder with nitrocellulose (NC) as the base charge, a double‐base powder with NC and nitroglycerin (NG) and a triple‐base powder with NC, NG and nitroguanidine, which is only used for military purposes 19 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analytical methods for the detection of NC and NG include color tests, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography 2,19,20 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary stable isotope analyses for propellant discrimination in shotshells

Kim

Song

Kim

et al. 2021

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rationale This study aimed to develop methods to determine the identity and trace the origin of propellants used in shotshells. Specifically, the use of organic component and stable isotope analysis techniques, such as bulk stable isotope analysis (BSIA) and compound‐specific isotope analysis (CSIA) techniques, for the study of shotshell propellants was investigated. Methods Nine samples of shotshell propellants from different manufacturing countries and brands were analyzed for explosive and additive components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and thin‐layer chromatography. BSIA of the propellants was achieved using elemental analysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry without a pretreatment process. For the CSIA of nitroglycerin, double‐base powder propellants were extracted with ether, and the isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen were measured by gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Results Nine samples drawn from seven brands in four countries were classified into five groups by organic component analysis, while eight classification groups were identified by BSIA. Thus, two samples could not be distinguished from each other by either BSIA or organic component analysis. Subsequently, with the use of results obtained with CSIA for nitroglycerin, all the samples could be classified into different groups. These findings suggest that the nine propellant samples were all composed of different ingredients or raw materials from different sources. Conclusions Stable isotope ratio analyses were performed for propellant discrimination. The combined BSIA, CSIA and organic component analysis techniques were able to successfully distinguish the nine shotshell propellants from seven brands sourced from four different countries, and the results suggested that the samples contained different ingredients or raw materials from different sources. We therefore can conclude that reliable results can be obtained using combined isotope analysis methods such as CSIA and BSIA for origin tracing and identity determination.

show abstract

“…Propellants may also contain additives, such as stabilizers (up to 5 wt.%), lubricants and plasticizers, as well as chemical constituents to control burn rate and suppress muzzle flash. The presence of trace components may be the result of the manufacturing process [3], [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of volumetric and instrumental method for determination of nitroglycerin content in gunpowder

Rakić¹,

Krstović²,

Mijatov³

et al. 2021

Sci Tech Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The major energy components of double-based gunpowder are nitrocellulose (NC) and nitroglycerin (NG). In double-based gunpowder NG is used as a plasticizer and, at the same time, as an energetic component. Since the amount of NG in the gunpowder strongly influences and affects its chemical and mechanical properties or/and characteristics, the study of NG content is of great importance. The aim of this paper is to compare the analytical performances of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and classic analytical volumetric method for the separation and qualitative determination of nitroglycerine in smokeless gunpowder.

show abstract

Novel method for the detection of nitroglycerin in smokeless powders

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Detection of organic gunshot residues from human hands using direct sample analysis‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry

Detection of organic gunshot residues from human hands using direct sample analysis‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry

Preliminary stable isotope analyses for propellant discrimination in shotshells

Comparative analysis of volumetric and instrumental method for determination of nitroglycerin content in gunpowder

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About