Novel Method for Measuring Tissue Pressure in Herbaceous Plants

Caliaro, Marco; Flues, Felix; Speck, Thomas; Speck, Olga

doi:10.1086/668791

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Cell pressure probe. Turgor values in cells of pulp vesicles of pomelo were measured using a custom made cell pressure probe (Lehner Sensor Systeme, Kirchheim/Teck, Germany) with a 0-16 bar pressure transmitter (DRT-AL-20MA-R16B, Hygrosens Instruments, Löffingen, Germany) and microstep motors for propulsion and internal plunger [42,67]. Micro-capillaries were pulled with a horizontal micropipette puller (Narishige PD-5, Tokyo, Japan).…”

Section: Citrus Maximamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic cellular metals—using hierarchical structuring for energy absorption

et al. 2016

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Fruit walls as well as nut and seed shells typically perform a multitude of functions. One of the biologically most important functions consists in the direct or indirect protection of the seeds from mechanical damage or other negative environmental influences. This qualifies such biological structures as role models for the development of new materials and components that protect commodities and/or persons from damage caused for example by impacts due to rough handling or crashes. We were able to show how the mechanical properties of metal foam based components can be improved by altering their structure on various hierarchical levels inspired by features and principles important for the impact and/or puncture resistance of the biological role models, rather than by tuning the properties of the bulk material. For this various investigation methods have been established which combine mechanical testing with different imaging methods, as well as with in situ and ex situ mechanical testing methods. Different structural hierarchies especially important for the mechanical deformation and failure behaviour of the biological role models, pomelo fruit (Citrus maxima) and Macadamia integrifolia, were identified. They were abstracted and transferred into corresponding structural principles and thus hierarchically structured bio-inspired metal foams have been designed. A production route for metal based bio-inspired structures by investment casting was successfully established. This allows the production of complex and reliable structures, by implementing and combining different hierarchical structural elements found in the biological concept generators, such as strut design and integration of fibres, as well as by minimising casting defects. To evaluate the structural effects, similar investigation methods and mechanical tests were applied to both the biological role models and the metallic foams. As a result an even deeper quantitative understanding of the form-structure-function relationship of the biological concept generators as well as the bio-inspired metal foams was achieved, on deeper hierarchical levels and overarching different levels.

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Section: Citrus Maximamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic cellular metals—using hierarchical structuring for energy absorption

et al. 2016

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“…in D. glanduligera ). Recent and very promising approaches, which make use of combined and advanced biological and physical methods , e.g. direct measurement of turgor pressure changes and deep transcriptome sequencing, will help us gain a better understanding of the marvels of fast plant motion and plant carnivory.…”

Section: Discussion and Outlook: Toward Understanding Universal Mechamentioning

confidence: 99%

Faster than their prey: New insights into the rapid movements of active carnivorous plants traps

2013

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Plants move in very different ways and for different reasons, but some active carnivorous plants perform extraordinary motion: Their snap-, catapult- and suction traps perform very fast and spectacular motions to catch their prey after receiving mechanical stimuli. Numerous investigations have led to deeper insights into the physiology and biomechanics of these trapping devices, but they are far from being fully understood. We review concisely how plant movements are classified and how they follow principles that bring together speed, actuation and architecture of the moving organ. In particular, we describe and discuss how carnivorous plants manage to execute fast motion. We address open questions and assess the prospects for future studies investigating potential universal mechanisms that could be the basis of key characteristic features in plant movement such as stimulus transduction, post-stimulatory mechanical answers, and organ formation.

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“…Tips were broken by stabbing them through paper wipes and were selected under a microscope for clean edges and small tip diameters (tips with a mean tip diameter of 5–10 µm); these selected tips were used for the measurements. For the optical control of the oil/cell sap meniscus, we used a Zeiss universal microscope with incident illuminator (Zeiss H-PL-Pol) and a custom-built specimen holder with micromanipulators [ 25 ]. The measurement of cell turgor of the parenchyma and chlorenchyma was carried out on adult leaves of undamaged plants in pots.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humidity-dependent wound sealing in succulent leaves of Delosperma cooperi – An adaptation to seasonal drought stress

Speck

Schlechtendahl

Borm

et al. 2018

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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During evolution, plants evolved various reactions to wounding. Fast wound sealing and subsequent healing represent a selective advantage of particular importance for plants growing in arid habitats. An effective self-sealing function by internal deformation has been found in the succulent leaves of Delosperma cooperi. After a transversal incision, the entire leaf bends until the wound is closed. Our results indicate that the underlying sealing principle is a combination of hydraulic shrinking and swelling as the main driving forces and growth-induced mechanical pre-stresses in the tissues. Hydraulic effects were measured in terms of the relative bending angle over 55 minutes under various humidity conditions. The higher the relative air humidity, the lower the bending angle. Negative bending angles were found when a droplet of liquid water was applied to the wound. The statistical analysis revealed highly significant differences of the single main effects such as “humidity conditions in the wound region” and “time after wounding” and their interaction effect. The centripetal arrangement of five tissue layers with various thicknesses and significantly different mechanical properties might play an additional role with regard to mechanically driven effects. Injury disturbs the mechanical equilibrium, with pre-stresses leading to internal deformation until a new equilibrium is reached. In the context of self-sealing by internal deformation, the highly flexible wide-band tracheids, which form a net of vascular bundles, are regarded as paedomorphic tracheids, which are specialised to prevent cell collapse under drought stress and allow for building growth-induced mechanical pre-stresses.

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Novel Method for Measuring Tissue Pressure in Herbaceous Plants

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Biomimetic cellular metals—using hierarchical structuring for energy absorption

Biomimetic cellular metals—using hierarchical structuring for energy absorption

Faster than their prey: New insights into the rapid movements of active carnivorous plants traps

Humidity-dependent wound sealing in succulent leaves of Delosperma cooperi – An adaptation to seasonal drought stress

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