The principal target of preprocessing is to get more appropriate resultant image than its original for further additional analysis. Enhancement of retinal images creates several challenges. The main obstacle is to develop a technique to accommodate the wide variation in contrast inside the image. Necessity of preprocessing methods are for image normalization and to increase the contrast for achieving accurate analysis. This work examined literature in the prior process of digital imaging, in the field of the analysis of fundus image to extract normal and pathologic retinal traits within the context of diabetic retinopathy (DR).