Novel Method Evaluating Real-Life Performance of Firewood Roomheaters in Europe

Reichert, G.; Schmidl, Christoph; Haslinger, Walter; Stressler, Harald; Sturmlechner, Rita; Schwabl, M.; Hochenauer, Christoph

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b03673

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The EU measurement protocol provides guidance for both hot‐stack and dilution tunnel based gravimetric filter particulate matter measurements, while ASTM 2515–11 prescribes dilution tunnel based gravimetric filter particulate matter measurements, however alternative certification test methods exist for hot‐stack sampling. The deficiencies in the operational and the advent of real‐time particulate matter measurement instrumentation have led to the development of modern more representative test methods, such as the Integrated Duty‐Cycle (IDC) test method in the U.S. and the beReal test method in the EU 31,32 . The appliance operating protocol used in this work is similar to the IDC and beReal as it incorporates real‐life scenarios encountered in the field, such as cold start and reload periods with an operator using very few but very large pieces of firewood as opposed to many small pieces, or a full firebox of fuel being forced into a low‐load operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black carbon emissions from modern automated cordwood stoves for space heating

Lindberg

Trojanowski

Butcher

et al. 2023

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Wood burning stove design is improving as regulation become stricter for particulate matter emissions. This study describes results of black carbon (BC) emissions from three modern automated wood stoves when tested in common failure modes using a test protocol that included cold-starts, high and low fuel loading densities, and use of overly large pieces of fuel. Emission sampling was performed using a dilution sampling system in tandem with an aethalometer to measure BC with high time resolution. Results show that the time-weighted average BC emission rates were 0.91, 4.30, and 1.74 g/h for the three stoves tested (A, B, and C respectively), the values, both higher and lower than the United States 2020 certification test emission limit of 2.5 g/h. The results demonstrate good performance overall, given the rigorous nature of the testing protocol used. The aethalometer data showed that the performance was relatively poor during cold-start, when the fuel was ignited and combusted without a coalbed, and when stoves failed to optimize air delivery due to specific loading and output conditions. During the cold-start test section, the average BC emission rate was seven times higher than the overall average for Stove A, 10 times above the average for Stove B, and two times above the average emission rate for Stove C. Calculations of the Average Angstrom Absorption Exponent (AAE) of the exhaust aerosol showed little correlation with BC concentration. The results show that automation results in a quantifiable reduction in particular BC emissions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black carbon emissions from modern automated cordwood stoves for space heating

Lindberg

Trojanowski

Butcher

et al. 2023

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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“…Thus, the real emissions could deviate significantly from the type testing results. Especially for single room heaters without a fan, there is a very intensive discussion [5] about adjusting the existing measuring regulations DIN EN 13240:2001 [3] (European BeReal project [6], German "Blauer Engel" [7]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of the natural draft for test bench measurements

Krüger

Lenz

Ulbricht

2019

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Single room heaters are usually type tested with constant draft and are allowed under these conditions. However, the mode of operation of the user's firing usually deviates significantly from these conditions of approval, since these are operated in most cases by natural draft and not by constant draft. Since the repeatability of natural draft is hardly given due to the changing environmental conditions, a simulation has been developed, which can simulate the natural draft with high accuracy. Thus, it is basically possible to replicate the natural draft with constant environmental conditions and to use it for test bench measurements. It is a purely physical simulation that does not require any calibration parameters. Chimney geometry and environmental boundary conditions, such as the outside temperature, can be chosen freely. In addition, the cost of the necessary hardware is very low, since the system only needs cheap thermocouples, pressure sensors, and a small USB module for data acquisition.

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