Novel method based on video tracking system for simultaneous measurement of kinematics and flow in the wake of a freely swimming fish

Wu, Guanhao; Yang, Yan; Zeng, Lijiang

doi:10.1063/1.2372741

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…␤ and l L in the MT mode and the HT mode were both significantly different (Table·2). This is in accordance with results reported by Wu et al (Wu et al, 2006). The curves of speed U and lateral excursion d versus time t of bouts 1 (MT THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY mode) and 13 (HT mode) were plotted in Fig.·3.…”

Section: Swimming Kinematicssupporting

confidence: 80%

Kinematics, hydrodynamics and energetic advantages of burst-and-coast swimming of koi carps (Cyprinus carpio koi)

Yang

Zeng

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Koi carps frequently swim in burst-and-coast style, which consists of a burst phase and a coast phase. We quantify the swimming kinematics and the flow patterns generated by the carps in burst-and-coast swimming. In the burst phase, the carps burst in two modes: in the first, the tail beats for at least one cycle (multiple tail-beat mode); in the second, the tail beats for only a half-cycle (half tail-beat mode). The carp generates a vortex ring in each half-cycle beat. The vortex rings generated during bursting in multiple tail-beat mode form a linked chain, but only one vortex ring is generated in half tail-beat mode. The wake morphologies, such as momentum angle and jet angle, also show much difference between the two modes. In the burst phase, the kinematic data and the impulse obtained from the wake are linked to obtain the drag coefficient (C d,burst Ϸ0.242). In the coast phase, drag coefficient (C d,coast Ϸ0.060) is estimated from swimming speed deceleration. Our estimation suggests that nearly 45% of energy is saved when burst-and-coast swimming is used by the koi carps compared with steady swimming at the same mean speed.

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Section: Swimming Kinematicssupporting

confidence: 80%

Kinematics, hydrodynamics and energetic advantages of burst-and-coast swimming of koi carps (Cyprinus carpio koi)

Yang

Zeng

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…As discussed elsewhere (Wolfgang et al, 1999;Wu et al, 2006), the vortex ring shed in stage 2 helps the fish to accelerate. With the increase in turning intensity, the momentum exerted on the carp in stage 2 increases and the jet angle in stage 2 decreases (tends to zero).…”

Section: Effects Of Turning Rate On Kinematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A video tracking system for simultaneous measurements of kinematics and flow of a freely swimming fish (Wu et al, 2006;Wu et al, 2007) offers a suitable approach to studying spontaneous maneuvers of fish. In the present study, we employ this method to quantify the kinematics and flow patterns of koi carp Cyprinus carpio koi performing routine BCF turns.…”

Section: Spontaneous Swimming Behaviors Of Koi Carpmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Routine turning maneuvers of koi carpCyprinus carpio koi:effects of turning rate on kinematics and hydrodynamics

Yang

Zeng

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Spontaneous swimming behaviors of koi carp Cyprinus carpio koiwere recorded using a video tracking system. Routine single-beat turns were selected from the recorded image sequences for kinematic and hydrodynamic analysis. As with C-starts, the turns can be divided into two stages (stage 1 and stage 2), based on kinematics. Stage 1 involves a bend to one side forming a C-shaped curve in the body, while stage 2 corresponds to the return flip of the body and tail. The turning angle in stage 1 accounts for the greatest portion of the total turning angle and the mean turning rate in stage 1 reflects the intensity of turn. The effects of the turning rate in stage 1 on both kinematics and hydrodynamics were examined. The duration of stage 1 remained relatively stable over a nearly tenfold change in turning rate. Consequently, the turning angle is dominated by the turning rate in stage 1. The turning radius is not related to the swimming speed. Moreover, except in very fast turns, the turning radius is also not affected by the turning rate. The angle between the side jet and the carp's initial orientation of a turn does not change substantially with the turning rate, and it is always close to 90° (94.2±3.1°, N=41), so the orientation of the side jet in the forthcoming turn can be predicted. The angle between the jet and the line joining the center of mass of the carp and the trailing edge of the tail (mean value in stage 1) is also always close to 90°(95.3±1.3°, N=41). It is helpful for the carp to maximize the torque so as to improve the turning efficiency. In stage 1, the impulsive moment obtained from the beat of the body and tail and the mean angular momentum of the carp show an agreement in magnitude. Two types of flow patterns in the wake of routine single-beat turns are revealed. The difference between the two types of wakes is in whether or not a vortex ring and a thrust jet are generated in stage 2. The recoil speed of the tail, the bending amplitude of the turn, and the angle of attack of the tail are three probable factors influencing the flow patterns in stage 2.

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“…The analysis of non-traditional biomimetic propulsion swimming under controlled conditions have attracted mathematicians [1], fluid engineers [2], roboticists [3][4][5][6][7][8], material engineers [9][10][11] and biologists [12][13][14][15][16] interests in studying the principals underlying unsteady locomotion in aquatic animals. Recent advances in understanding fish caudal fin propulsion, in which oscillatory motion of a foil-like structure generate hydrodynamic forces, have included the use of robotic devices which exhibit a rich variety of dynamic behaviors similar to the fin motions of live swimming fishes [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Robotic Model as a Scientific Tool for Experimentally Investigating Hydrodynamic Functions of Fish Caudal Fin

Ren¹,

Zhu²,

Wang³

et al. 2015

Assistive Robotics

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Bio-robotic models become increasingly important for understanding biological system in field such as biomechanics. Fish caudal fin is a prominent example of biological propulsion, in which the caudal peduncle, fin ray and fin membrane together form a dynamic locomotory system. In this paper, we developed a bio-robotic model to mimic the fin ray structure and kinematics of Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). We coupled controlled oscillations in both heave and pitch directions to the robot to model the caudal peduncle motion of swimming fishes. Synchronized multi-axis force transducer and particle image velocimetry were then used to quantify the hydrodynamic forces and wake flow. We found that the addition of three-dimensional fin kinematics significantly enhanced the lift force without deceasing thrust force compared with the no fin motion. The vortex wake directs water both axially and vertically and forms jet like structure with notable wake velocity. According to the bio-robotic model experimental data, we hypothesized that fish may actively control the caudal fin rays to achieve considerable lift force when swimming at low speed, however, negative at high speed.

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Novel method based on video tracking system for simultaneous measurement of kinematics and flow in the wake of a freely swimming fish

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

Kinematics, hydrodynamics and energetic advantages of burst-and-coast swimming of koi carps (Cyprinus carpio koi)

Kinematics, hydrodynamics and energetic advantages of burst-and-coast swimming of koi carps (Cyprinus carpio koi)

Routine turning maneuvers of koi carpCyprinus carpio koi:effects of turning rate on kinematics and hydrodynamics

Bio-Robotic Model as a Scientific Tool for Experimentally Investigating Hydrodynamic Functions of Fish Caudal Fin

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