Novel mechanisms of natural antioxidant compounds in biological systems: involvement of glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes

Masella, Roberta; Benedetto, Roberta Di; Varı̀, Rosaria; Filesi, Carmelina; Giovannini, Claudio

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.05.013

Cited by 890 publications

(645 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…The glutathione concentrations reported in the literature are in accordance with the values observed in the present study (0.6 mmol/g in ST muscle of C animals) (Malmezat et al, 1998). Glutathione, which is a tripeptide (glutamic acid, cysteine and glycine), is a substrate for specific enzymes such as GPx or is direct scavenger for free radicals (Masella et al, 2005). It is present at a concentration of 0.7 mmol/g in rat muscles (Potter and Tran, 1993).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Consequently, the lack of effect of the present dietary management on SOD and GPx activities is difficult to compare with any other study in the literature. The fragmented knowledge concerning the exact role and mechanisms of action of these enzymes and their high connection with the other numerous antioxidant systems (endogenous and/or exogenous) may explain the apparent lack of coherence in the interpretation of the data concerning these enzymes (Masella et al, 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Food restriction and refeeding in lambs influence muscle antioxidant status

Savary-Auzeloux

Durand

Gruffat

et al. 2008

Animal

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Compensatory growth, a frequent phenomenon observed in ruminants due to seasonal variation in food availability, affects protein metabolism including protein oxidation. These oxidation processes may have an impact on animal health as well as on meat protein degradation during post mortem aging (ie meat maturation). Sixteen male lambs were randomly divided into four groups. One group was fed ad libitum (C) and one group was food-restricted to 60% of the intake of the C group (R). The last two groups were restricted similarly to the R group and refed either ad libitum (RAL) or similarly to the C group (pair-feeding) (RPF). Muscles samples were taken immediately after slaughter. The present study showed that the restriction/refeeding pattern had no effect on protein oxidation in the muscles studied (longissimus dorsi (LD), semitendinosus (ST) and supraspinatus (SP)). However, total antioxidant capacity decreased after food restriction (251%, 243%, P , 0.01 for ST and LD muscles, respectively) and re-increased only after ad libitum refeeding. This alteration in the total antioxidant status can partially be explained by the similar pattern of change observed in the glutathione concentration of the muscles (225%, P , 0.05 for ST muscle and NS for the other muscles). However, none of the concentrations of other water-soluble antioxidants studied (carnosine, anserine, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) were altered during compensatory growth. This study showed that an inappropriate feeding level following a nutritional stress induced alterations in the total antioxidant status (particularly that of glutathione), which may have consequences on animal health. Other consequences of a decrease of the animal antioxidant status in vivo could be an alteration of the protein oxidation processes during meat maturation.Keywords: antioxidant status, compensatory growth, muscle, sheep IntroductionIn the muscle post mortem, some proteins are oxidized and this process has an impact on meat tenderization (Maltin et al., 2003). Increased proteases oxidation reduces the functional properties of these proteases and decreases their efficiency in the meat protein maturation process (Rowe et al., 2004a and2004b). Consequently, it can be hypothesized that some in vivo oxidation processes in the muscles may have an impact on the enzymes activities and protein structure both in vivo and post mortem (Stadtman and Levine, 2000). To counteract these oxidation processes, many reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers exist within the cells (Fang et al., 2002). Among these ROS, the watersoluble antioxidants (some antioxidant enzymes, peptides or vitamins soluble in water) are of major significance to counteract protein oxidation and carbonyl formation (Hipkiss et al., 1998 and.Among the various stress affecting ruminants, the seasonal variations in forage availability during extensive rearing affect protein metabolism with as a result, for example, compensatory growth (Hoch et al., 2003). The alteration of the growth pattern during com...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food restriction and refeeding in lambs influence muscle antioxidant status

Savary-Auzeloux

Durand

Gruffat

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…The ethanolic leaf extract of L. racemosa posses significant hepatoprotective effect in the CCL 4 intoxicated models (P<0.05). The hepatoprotective effect of the plant extract might be attributed to the presence of unique chemical classes such as alkaloids [16] and polyphenols [17] . The hepatotoxicity effect of the CCL 4 might be due to the formation of the highly reactive free radicals, which directly affects the polyunsaturated fatty acids and directly alters the liver microsaomal membranes in the Wistar albino rats [18] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of a mangrove plant Lumnitzera racemosa

Sundaram

Gnanadesigan

2011

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

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“…The key enzymes for the detoxification of ROS are superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) [106,107]. Glutathione (GSH) is the major non-enzymatic antioxidant [108], which can directly scavenge intracellular ROS [109]. It has been reported that SOD and CAT can inhibit apoptosis in human neutrophils [110].…”

Section: Effects Of Ala Cit and Pro On • Oh-induced Apoptosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The metabolites of glutamine prevent hydroxyl radical-induced apoptosis through inhibiting mitochondria and calcium ion involved pathways in fish erythrocytes

Jiang

Liu

et al. 2016

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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a b s t r a c tThe present study explored the apoptosis pathways in hydroxyl radicals ( • OH)-induced carp erythrocytes. Carp erythrocytes were treated with the caspase inhibitors in physiological carp saline (PCS) or Ca 2 þ -free PCS in the presence of 40 μM FeSO 4 /20 μM H 2 O 2 . The results showed that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the release of cytochrome c and DNA fragmentation were caspase-dependent, and Ca 2 þ was involved in calpain activation and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure in • OH-induced carp erythrocytes. Moreover, the results suggested that caspases were involved in PS exposure, and Ca 2 þ was involved in DNA fragmentation in • OH-induced fish erythrocytes. These results demonstrated that there might be two apoptosis pathways in fish erythrocytes, one is the caspase and cytochrome c-dependent apoptosis that is similar to that in mammal nucleated cells, the other is the Ca 2 þ -involved apoptosis that was similar to that in mammal non-nucleated erythrocytes. So, fish erythrocytes may be used as a model for studying oxidative stress and apoptosis in mammal cells. Furthermore, the present study investigated the effects of glutamine (Gln)'s metabolites [alanine (Ala), citrulline (Cit), proline (Pro) and their combination (Ala 10 Pro 4 Cit 1 )] on the pathways of apoptosis in fish erythrocytes. The results displayed that Ala, Cit, Pro and Ala 10 Pro 4 Cit 1 effectively suppressed ROS generation, cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 at the physiological concentrations, prevented Ca 2 þ influx, calpain activation, PS exposure, DNA fragmentation and the degradation of the cytoskeleton and oxidation of membrane and hemoglobin (Hb) and increased activity of anti-hydroxyl radical (AHR) in • OH-induced carp erythrocytes. Ala 10 Pro 4 Cit 1 produced a synergistic effect of inhibited oxidative stress and apoptosis in fish erythrocytes. These results demonstrated that Ala, Cit, Pro and their combination can protect mammal erythrocytes and nucleated cells against oxidative stress and apoptosis. The studies supported the use of Gln, Ala, Cit and Pro as oxidative stress and apoptosis inhibitors in mammal cells and the hypothesis that the inhibited effects of Gln on oxidative stress and apoptosis are at least partly dependent on that of its metabolites in mammalian.

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Novel mechanisms of natural antioxidant compounds in biological systems: involvement of glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes

Cited by 890 publications

References 150 publications

Food restriction and refeeding in lambs influence muscle antioxidant status

Food restriction and refeeding in lambs influence muscle antioxidant status

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of a mangrove plant Lumnitzera racemosa

The metabolites of glutamine prevent hydroxyl radical-induced apoptosis through inhibiting mitochondria and calcium ion involved pathways in fish erythrocytes

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