Novel materials synthesis by mechanical alloying/milling

Murty, B.S.; Ranganathan, S.

doi:10.1179/imr.1998.43.3.101

Cited by 573 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 293 publications

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“…Thus, the particles are activated by high energy ball milling, which is defined as mechanical activation, and the diffusivity of various compounds is largely enhanced [12,28]. It is known that the dissolution rate of organic and inorganic materials can be enhanced by mechanical activation [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. Fly ash contains metallic oxides, such as CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, and carbonates CaCO3 etc.…”

Section: Variation In the Particle Size Of Milled Fly Ashmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppressing Heavy Metal Leaching through Ball Milling of Fly Ash

Chen¹,

Lu²,

Mao³

et al. 2016

Energies

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Ball milling is investigated as a method of reducing the leaching concentration (often termed stablilization) of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash. Three heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Pb) loose much of their solubility in leachate by treating fly ash in a planetary ball mill, in which collisions between balls and fly ash drive various physical processes, as well as chemical reactions. The efficiency of stabilization is evaluated by analysing heavy metals in the leachable fraction from treated fly ash. Ball milling reduces the leaching concentration of Cu, Cr, and Pb, and water washing effectively promotes stabilization efficiency by removing soluble salts. Size distribution and morphology of particles were analysed by laser particle diameter analysis and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals significant reduction of the crystallinity of fly ash by milling. Fly ash particles can be activated through this ball milling, leading to a significant decrease in particle size, a rise in its BET-surface, and turning basic crystals therein into amorphous structures. The dissolution rate of acid buffering materials present in activated particles is enhanced, resulting in a rising pH value of the leachate, reducing the leaching out of some heavy metals.

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Section: Variation In the Particle Size Of Milled Fly Ashmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppressing Heavy Metal Leaching through Ball Milling of Fly Ash

Chen¹,

Lu²,

Mao³

et al. 2016

Energies

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“…In order to produce composite powders and/or to synthesise a variety of stable and metastable nanocrystalline powders prior to particle-reinforced bulk composite materials, mechanical alloying (MA) is one of effective techniques that eliminate reinforcement segregation typically occurring in the ingot metallurgy process [2,3]. In addition, the MA processing technique can also be used to obtain nanoparticles in aluminium alloys in the presence of a process control agent (PCA) which enables a balance between fracture and welding to be established enabling refinement of the powder particle size [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-state reaction in mechanically milled and spark plasma sintered Al–B4C composite materials

Kubota

2010

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…In comparison to macro-scale phases, increased ductility and toughness of the brittle materials was observed [16]. Among various processing techniques, high energy ball milling processes have been widely used for producing the bulk nanocrystalline and amorphous materials in complex metallic alloy systems [17][18][19]. Mechanical alloying (MA) is now recognized as a versatile process for synthesizing nanocrystalline powders [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of mechanically alloyed vacancy ordered phase in Al₇₀Cu₁₅Ni₁₅alloy during annealing

Yadav¹,

Mukhopadhyay²,

Tiwari³

et al. 2010

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract.A nano  3 vacancy-ordered phase in the Al-Cu-Ni alloy system has been synthesized with a composition close to Al 70 Cu 15 Ni 15 by mechanical alloying a mixture of elemental powder in a high-energy ball mill by varying milling time from 10 to 100 hours. The stability of nano-crystalline  3 vacancy-ordered phase has been studied under thermal annealing in vacuum as well as in air. The x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques were employed for characterization of the milled and annealed samples. The powder after 100 h of milling was found to contain mostly nano  3 phase with the partial ordering, and with crystallite sizes in the range of 10-20 nm along with a lattice strain of ~0.67 %. The milled powder, after annealing in vacuum at 700 ºC for 60 h, revealed the formation of a strain-free and ordered  3 phase with a crystallite size of 80 nm, indicating grain coarsening. It is interesting to note that the milled powder annealed in air at 700 ºC for 60 h showed the formation of (Cu,Ni)Al 2 O 4 type spinel phase with the lattice parameter of 8.1 Å and the lattice strain as 0.52 %. The average grain size of spinel phase was found to be ~ 40 nm.

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Novel materials synthesis by mechanical alloying/milling

Cited by 573 publications

References 293 publications

Suppressing Heavy Metal Leaching through Ball Milling of Fly Ash

Suppressing Heavy Metal Leaching through Ball Milling of Fly Ash

Solid-state reaction in mechanically milled and spark plasma sintered Al–B4C composite materials

Stability of mechanically alloyed vacancy ordered phase in Al₇₀Cu₁₅Ni₁₅alloy during annealing

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Novel materials synthesis by mechanical alloying/milling

Cited by 573 publications

References 293 publications

Suppressing Heavy Metal Leaching through Ball Milling of Fly Ash

Suppressing Heavy Metal Leaching through Ball Milling of Fly Ash

Solid-state reaction in mechanically milled and spark plasma sintered Al–B4C composite materials

Stability of mechanically alloyed vacancy ordered phase in Al70Cu15Ni15alloy during annealing

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Stability of mechanically alloyed vacancy ordered phase in Al₇₀Cu₁₅Ni₁₅alloy during annealing