Novel markers of inflammatory response and hepatic dysfunction in canine leishmaniasis

Tonin, Alexandre Alberto; Calado, Andréa Maria Campos; Bottari, Nathieli B.; Dalenogare, Diéssica Padilha; Thomé, Gustavo R.; Duarte, Thiago; Morsch, Vera Maria; Schetinger, Maria Rosa Chitolina; Alves, Lêucio Câmara; Tinucci‐Costa, Mirela; Silva, Aleksandro S. Da

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2015.09.004

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In these cases, the concentration of HDL, which is converted into low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) after detachment from PON‐1, also decreases and may prove an inexpensive marker of inflammation and oxidative stress associated with leishmaniasis. Recently, reduced serum activity of adenosine deaminase and butyrylcholinesterase, 2 enzymes involved in modulating immune responses, have also been reported in dogs with leishmaniasis …”

Section: Laboratory Abnormalities That May Support or Confirm Leishmamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, bone marrow inflammation or myelitis 47 is usually present (Figure 1). This includes an increased number of infected or noninfected macrophages, often accompanied by erythro-or cytophagia, increased numbers of mature segmented [111][112][113][114][115][116] Decreased PON-1 and high-density lipoprotein [117][118][119] Urinalysis Proteinuria; decreased urine specific gravity [14][15][16]34,81 ; mixed proteinuria in SDS-electrophoresis [94][95][96][97] Increased markers of renal tubular damage (c-glutamyl transferase and N-acetyl-b-N-glucosaminidase) 96,100 neutrophils, and a moderate to marked plasmacytosis characterized by a higher number of plasma cells, mott cells, and lymphocytes. 28,32,48 Megakaryocyte hyperplasia can also be present, especially when peripheral consumption of platelets occurs.…”

Section: Bone Marrow Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory tests for diagnosing and monitoring canine leishmaniasis

Paltrinieri

Gradoni

Roura

et al. 2016

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

141

232

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Although several reviews on canine leishmaniasis have been published, none thoroughly described clinicopathologic abnormalities and their clinical usefulness. The aim of this review was to provide information concerning current diagnostic tests relevant for clinical pathologists and from a practical perspective. Specifically, in canine leishmaniasis, nonregenerative normocytic normochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia, or leukogram changes may be present. Clinical chemistry and urinalysis may indicate renal dysfunction (azotemia, decreased urine specific gravity, proteinuria) and an inflammatory/immune response (increased acute phase proteins [APP] or α - and/or γ-globulins). Although a potential gammopathy is usually polyclonal, it may also appear oligo- or monoclonal, especially in dogs coinfected by other vector-borne pathogens. When lesions are accessible to fine-needle aspiration (lymphoadenomegaly, nodular lesions, joint swelling), cytology is strongly advised, as the presence of Leishmania amastigotes in a pattern of pyogranulomatous inflammation or lymphoplasmacytic hyperplasia is diagnostic. If the cytologic pattern is inconclusive, the parasite should be identified by histology/immunohistochemistry or PCR on surgical biopsies. Alternatively, cytology and PCR may be performed on bone marrow samples where amastigotes, along with erythroid hypoplasia, myeloid hyperplasia, plasmacytosis, or secondary dysmyelopoiesis can be observed. Dogs with overt leishmaniasis generally have high antibody titers, while low titers predominate in immunologically resistant infected dogs or in exposed dogs with no parasite confirmation. Quantitative serology is recommended in clinically suspect dogs as high-titer antibodies titers may confirm the clinical diagnosis. In confirmed and treated dogs, renal function and inflammatory/immune response variables should be periodically monitored.

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Section: Laboratory Abnormalities That May Support or Confirm Leishmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bone Marrow Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory tests for diagnosing and monitoring canine leishmaniasis

Paltrinieri

Gradoni

Roura

et al. 2016

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

141

232

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recently, studies have demonstrated that intense inflammatory responses (Dickerson & Findly, ) and oxidative stress (Garcia et al., ) contribute directly to disease pathogenesis. However, the effects of disease on enzymes belonging to the purinergic system, through the activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and xanthine oxidase (XO), which are considered novel markers of the inflammatory response (Tonin et al., ) and oxidative damage (Miric et al., ), respectively, remain unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase activities in silver catfish naturally infected with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis: The influence of these enzymes on inflammatory and oxidative status

Baldissera

Souza

Doleski

et al. 2017

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity, through adenosine (Ado) levels, as well as xanthine oxidase (XO) activity through uric acid levels exerts an essential role on immune and inflammatory responses during infectious diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of seric ADA and XO activities in the inflammatory and oxidative status of silver catfish naturally infected with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Seric ADA activity decreased, while Ado levels increased in infected animals compared to uninfected animals. Moreover, the seric XO activity increased in infected animals compared to uninfected animals, alongside the seric levels of uric acid, metabolites of nitric oxide (NOx) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Based on this evidence, the downregulation of seric ADA activity exerts an anti-inflammatory profile, contributing to restricting the inflammatory process. The most important finding is that upregulation of seric XO activity leads to an excessive formation of uric acid, which contributes to oxidative and inflammatory processes. Moreover, uric acid induces the release of pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative mediators, such NOx and ROS, which contribute directly to disease pathogenesis. In summary, the upregulation of XO activity may be considered a pathway involved in NOx and ROS production in silver catfish infected with I. multifiliis.

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“…Recently, a study conducted by Van Doan et al. () demonstrated that S. agalactiae infection impairs the non‐specific immune parameters in experimentally infected Nile tilapia, but the effects on enzymes of the cholinergic and adenosinergic systems, considered novel markers of the inflammatory response (Do Carmo et al., ; Tonin et al., ), remain unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of cholinergic and adenosinergic systems on the branchial immune response of experimentally infected silver catfish with Streptococcus agalactiae

Baldissera

Souza

Doleski

et al. 2017

Journal of Fish Diseases

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It has been recognized that the cholinergic and adenosinergic systems have an essential role in immune and inflammatory responses during bacterial fish pathogens, such as the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and adenosine deaminase (ADA), which are responsible for catalysis of the anti-inflammatory molecules acetylcholine (ACh) and adenosine (Ado) respectively. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of the cholinergic and adenosinergic systems on the immune response and inflammatory process in gills of experimentally infected Rhamdia quelen with Streptococcus agalactiae. Acetylcholinesterase activity decreased, while ACh levels increased in gills of infected animals compared to uninfected animals. On the other hand, a significant increase in ADA activity with a concomitant decrease in Ado levels was observed in infected animals compared to uninfected animals. Based on this evidence, we concluded that infection by S. agalactiae in silver catfish alters the cholinergic and adenosinergic systems, suggesting the involvement of AChE and ADA activities on immune and inflammatory responses, regulating the ACh and Ado levels. In summary, the downregulation of AChE activity exerts an anti-inflammatory profile in an attempt to reduce or prevent the tissue damage, while the upregulation of ADA activity exerts a pro-inflammatory profile, contributing to disease pathophysiology.

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Novel markers of inflammatory response and hepatic dysfunction in canine leishmaniasis

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Laboratory tests for diagnosing and monitoring canine leishmaniasis

Laboratory tests for diagnosing and monitoring canine leishmaniasis

Serum adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase activities in silver catfish naturally infected with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis: The influence of these enzymes on inflammatory and oxidative status

Involvement of cholinergic and adenosinergic systems on the branchial immune response of experimentally infected silver catfish with Streptococcus agalactiae

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