“…The adsorbed H 2 O dissociates into OH À and H + , forming surface hydroxyl groups with the surface metal and oxygen sites, respectively [33,34]. It was reported that the surface hydroxyl groups of the solid metal oxide were one of the active sites in heterogeneous catalytic ozonation [7,33]. In the meanwhile, ozone shows strong affinity to Lewis acid sites on the surface of metal oxide, enhancing the redox process involved in ozone decomposition [35,36].…”