Novel kojic acid-polymer-based magnetic nanocomposites for medical applications

Abstract

Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized by the coprecipitation of iron salts in sodium hydroxide followed by coating separately with chitosan (CS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to form CS-MNPs and PEG-MNPs nanoparticles, respectively. They were then loaded with kojic acid (KA), a pharmacologically bioactive natural compound, to form KA-CS-MNPs and KA-PEG-MNPs nanocomposites, respectively. The MNPs and their nanocomposites were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, vibrating sample magnetometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The powder X-ray diffraction data suggest that all formulations consisted of highly crystalline, pure magnetite Fe 3 O 4 . The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the presence of both polymers and KA in the nanocomposites. Magnetization curves showed that both nanocomposites (KA-CS-MNPs and KA-PEG-MNPs) were superparamagnetic with saturation magnetizations of 8.1 emu/g and 26.4 emu/g, respectively. The KA drug loading was estimated using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, which gave a loading of 12.2% and 8.3% for the KA-CS-MNPs and KA-PEG-MNPs nanocomposites, respectively. The release profile of the KA from the nanocomposites followed a pseudo second-order kinetic model. The agar diffusion test was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity for both KA-CS-MNPs and KA-PEG-MNPs nanocomposites against a number of microorganisms using two Gram-positive (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis ) and one Gram-negative ( Salmonella enterica ) species, and showed some antibacterial activity, which could be enhanced in future studies by optimizing drug loading. This study provided evidence for the promise for the further investigation of the possible beneficial biological activities of KA and both KA-CS-MNPs and KA-PEG-MNPs nanocomposites in nanopharmaceutical applications.

<p>Synthesis and properties of magnetic nanotheranostics coated with polyethylene glycol/5-fluorouracil/layered double hydroxide</p>

“…There is a variety of approaches to control cancer disease including surgery,4,5 hormone therapy, immunotherapy6–8 and radiation therapy or a combination thereof 9. However, these common therapies posed some disadvantages such as patient inconvenience (pain), the disappearance of healthy cells, long-term treatment and high expenditure 9,10. One of the ways to treat cancer or its temporary relief is to use certain medications known as chemotherapy 10,11…”

“…However, these common therapies posed some disadvantages such as patient inconvenience (pain), the disappearance of healthy cells, long-term treatment and high expenditure 9,10. One of the ways to treat cancer or its temporary relief is to use certain medications known as chemotherapy 10,11…”

“…Nanoparticle carriers can improve drug performance and reduce side effects 30,31. In the manufacture of the nanoparticles, various materials to transfer drugs such as polymers,10,32–35 metals, lipids, layered double hydroxides, magnetic NPs decorated lipophilic dyes (magnetoliposomes), chitosan nanoparticles, gold and silver nanoparticles,2,36–45 etc. were used as drug carriers with different shapes and sizes, as well as the fabrication methods 46–49…”

Potential applications and human biosafety of nanomaterials used in nanomedicine

“…NPs also have higher hardness, higher plasticity, higher specific heat and thermal expansion, higher conductivity, higher diffusivity, lower sintering temperature and sintering shrinkage than large ones (Zhang et al, 2013a). Other properties unique among NPs include surface plasmon resonance in some metal particles and superparamagnetism in magnetic materials (Chen et al, 2015d; Estelrich et al, 2015; Hussein-Al-Ali et al, 2014; Skopalik et al., 2014), which makes them desirable as a magnetic-targeting tool for medical applications.…”

Effect of surface-modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONS) on mast cell infiltration: An acute in vivo study

“…The high temperature of around 800 o C required to eliminate the total weight of 28.25% of dextran demonstrated strong binding of the same to the material 27 . Significant weight loss for PEG-SPIONS nanoparticle was noticed between 270 o C -800 o C which could be due to decomposition of PEG adsorbed on surfaces of SPIONS28,29 . All nanoparticles showed negligible cytotoxicity to A549 and L929 cells.…”