Novel Knowledge Graph- and Knowledge Reasoning-Based Classification Prototype for OBIA Using High Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery

Abstract

Although many machine learning methods have been successfully applied for the object-based classification of high resolution (HR) remote sensing imagery, current methods are highly dependent on the spectral similarity between segmented objects and have disappointingly poor performance when dealing with different segmented objects that have similar spectra. To overcome this limitation, this study exploited a knowledge graph (KG) that preserved the spatial relationships between segmented objects and has a reasoning capability that can assist in improving the probability of correctly classifying different segmented objects with similar spectra. In addition, to assist the knowledge graph classifications, an image segmentation method generating segmented objects that closely resemble real ground objects in size was used, which improves the integrity of the object classification results. Therefore, a novel HR remote sensing image classification scheme is proposed that involves a knowledge graph and an optimal segmentation algorithm, which takes full advantage of object-based classification and knowledge inference. This method effectively addresses the problems of object classification integrity and misclassification of objects with the same spectrum. In the evaluation experiments, three QuickBird-2 images and over 15 different land cover classes were utilized. The results showed that the classification accuracy of the proposed method is high, with overall accuracies exceeding 0.85. These accuracies are higher than the K Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), and Random Forest (RF) methods. The evaluated results confirmed that the proposed method offers excellent performance in HR remote sensing image classification.

Construction of Remote Sensing Indices Knowledge Graph (RSIKG) Based on Semantic Hierarchical Graph

“…This approach aligned the visual features with semantics in the KG, consequently solving the zero-shot issue in remote sensing scene classification. This technique can be applied to semantic segmentation [19] to solve the issue of different segmentation objects with similar spectra [35].…”

Real-Time Semantic Data Integration and Reasoning in Life- and Time-Critical Decision Support Systems

“…In addition, to address the problem of streaming data, stream reasoning approaches emerged, enabling the implementation of real-time services [4]. Knowledge graphs (KGs) have gained much attention since they provide a way to organize, manage, and represent large-scale structured data and also support reasoning tasks [5,6]. Apart from the extraction of new (inferred) knowledge, reasoning over KGs can detect inconsistencies in definitions of entities or even new relations (connections) between entities that further enrich the knowledge in the graph [7].…”

Deep Multimodal Fusion Model for Building Structural Type Recognition Using Multisource Remote Sensing Images and Building-Related Knowledge

“…In Contrast, Knowledge Graphs (KG) [31], which is a structured and semantic form of knowledge representation, is widely used in many fields [32]. In remote sensing field, some studies [33], [34] combine spectral features and shape features to construct KG. They use the data query and knowledge inference capabilities of KG to classify images.…”