Novel ketogenic diet formulation improves sucrose‐induced insulin resistance in canton strain Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract

This study investigates the antidiabetic effect of a ketogenic diet (KD) on sucrose‐induced insulin resistance in the fruit fly model. The fruit flies were divided and grouped into four: Group A, B, C, and D, representing the control, high‐sucrose diet (HSD), KD, and HSD + KD, respectively. The administration of the various treatments to the groups proceeded for 7 days. The flies were thereafter immobilized, homogenized, and the homogenates used for biochemical parameters determination. This includes glucose concentration, antioxidant status, 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and protein concentration. There was a significant increase (p < .05) in weight gain, glucose concentration, TG, HMG‐CoA reductase activity, TC, and lipid peroxidation status of the HSD group compared with the control and KD groups. The antioxidant enzymes measured (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione) and protein concentrations were repressed significantly (p < .05) in the HD groups but significantly elevated (p < .05) in the KD, HSD + KD, and the control groups. The KD improved biochemical parameters altered during the onset of sucrose‐induced insulin resistance. With further research on this, KD may emerge as the much‐awaited treatment option for diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) with almost reduced toxicity concerns. Practical applications Novel KD are sources of dietary phytocompounds with proven antioxidant activities. The antidiabetic activity of the KD was investigated. The results showed that the KD proves to serve as a better effective antidiabetic option in Drosophila melanogaster. The observed results could provide the potential application of the KD as an alternative therapy for diabetes management.

Atrazine exposure caused oxidative stress in male rats and inhibited brain‐pituitary‐testicular functions

“…Lipid peroxides are products of the ROS-mediated breakdown of polyunsaturated fatty acids, leading to a succession of more stable metabolites, including MDA. [49] The amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) in cells serves as a useful biomarker for measuring lipid peroxidation in living organisms.…”

“…Lipid peroxides are products of the ROS‐mediated breakdown of polyunsaturated fatty acids, leading to a succession of more stable metabolites, including MDA. [ 49 ] The amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) in cells serves as a useful biomarker for measuring lipid peroxidation in living organisms. Increased MDA levels in atrazine‐exposed rats are convincing evidence that atrazine induces lipid peroxidation and causes oxidative stress in rat tissues.…”

Antioxidant and antilipidemic action of ketogenic diet and tomato powder mix in high sugar and fat fed Harwich fruit flies

“…This was prepared according to the method of Kayode [ 24 ] with slight modifications. Fish powder (5.2 g), Food binder (5.2 g), Coconut oil (4 mL), Yeast (5.2 g), and Cabbage flour (104 g), were measured and added to boiling 1000 mL of water and allowed to cook for 5 min, 1 g of Nipagin dissolved in ethanol was added and mixed thoroughly, it was thereafter poured into clean glass vials and allowed to cool before administration to the flies.…”

“…The Tomato Powder Diet was prepared according to Kayode [ 24 ] with slight modification from the corn meal medium (basal diet/control diet).containing Agar (1% w/v), Brewer's yeast (1% w/v), and Nipagin (0.08% v/w). Tomato powder mix (20% w/v) was added to 1.8 g of basal diet mixed thoroughly into clean glass vials and allowed to cool before administration to the flies.…”

“…The homogenate was spun at 5000 g for 10 min at 4 ° C using thermoscientific Heraeus megafuge 8R (TX-150) centrifuge. The supernatant was collected and stored at 4 ° C prior to further biochemical analysis [ 24 ].…”