“…In addition, the use of other metal cations, such as manganese, aluminum, zirconium, calcium, or metal oxides/hydroxides as modied materials to prepare adsorbents for phosphate removal from water bodies has attracted wide attention. 6,7,[27][28][29][30] In addition, modied materials may contain expensive heavy metals or poisonous substances, which may increase costs or introduce new contaminants. Compared with other modifying materials, calcium (Ca) and manganese (Mn) are preferred because of their low cost, low toxicity, and high availability.…”