Novel ion chromatographic stationary phases for the analysis of complex matrices

Abstract

Ion chromatography (IC) has a proven track record in the determination of inorganic and organic anions and cations in complex matrices. Recently, application of IC to the separation and determination of bio-molecules such as amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleotides, proteins and peptides has also received much attention. The key to the determination of all of the above species in the most analytically challenging complex matrices is the ability to manipulate selectivity through control of stationary phase chemistry, mobile phase chemistry and the choice of detection method. This Tutorial Review summarises some of the most significant recent advances made in IC stationary phase technology. In particular, the review details stationary phases specifically designed for ion analysis in complex sample matrices, and considers in which direction future stationary phase development might proceed.

Synthesis and characterization of silica-based hyper-crosslinked sulfonate-modified reversed stationary phases

“…high efficiency and mass spectrometry (MS) compatibility] is greatly challenged by difficulties in synthesizing high-efficiency cation exchangers. Cation exchangers are predominantly polymer-based [19] because of their good pH stability and the relative ease of introducing cation-exchange sites. However, the crosslinked organic polymer backbone generally gives poor efficiency caused by the slow mass transfer through the chromatographic beads and mechanical instability due to the swelling and shrinking upon variation in eluent, pressure and temperature [20,21].…”

Monolithic stationary phases for fast ion chromatography and capillary electrochromatography of inorganic ions

“…Related aspects of ion analysis by LC have been covered thoroughly by previous reviews, ranging from historical developments [3,4], principles, application and progress in capillary IC [5] and CEC [6] and microfluidic systems [7] to current column technologies in commercial instrumentation for the analysis of complex sample matrices [8], as well as some degree of future outlook for monolithic stationary phases [9]. A comprehensive review on the properties of polymer monoliths and their precursors in liquid capillary chromatography has recently been published by Svec [10], providing a good overview and description of the applications and possibilities of these new generation stationary phases.…”

Flow gradient liquid chromatography using a coated anion exchange microcolumn

“…Within the environmental, pharmaceutical, biomedical and food industries, there exists an increasing interest in the development of rapid analytical methods for highthroughput screening of samples, often in complex matrices [1]. In addition, analysts are continually striving for simple compact instrumentation for application to routine analyses.…”