Novel Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogel Microspheres of Chitosan and Poly(acrylamide)-grafted-Guar Gum for Controlled Release of Ciprofloxacin

Abstract

Acrylamide-grafted-guar gum (pAAm-g-GG) was prepared and blended with chitosan (CS) to form interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel microspheres by the emulsion cross-linking method using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross-linker. The microspheres encapsulated up to 74% of ciprofloxacin (CFX), an antibiotic drug, having a plasma half-life of 4 h and the release of CFX was extended up to 12 h. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed their spherical structure with smooth surfaces; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the grafting reaction as well as chemical stability of CFX in the blend IPN hydrogel microspheres. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques confirmed the molecular level dispersion of CFX in the matrix. Swelling of microspheres performed in pH 7.4 buffer media was used to understand the drug release kinetics. In vitro release of CFX in pH 1.2 and 7.4 media showed a dependence on blend composition of the IPN, extent of cross-linking as well as initial drug loading. In vitro release data was analyzed using empirical equations, namely, KorsmeyerÀPeppas, to compute the diffusion exponent (n), whose value ranged between 0.19 and 0.33, indicating non-Fickian transport of CFX through the blend IPN hydrogel microspheres.

Carbohydrate polymer based pH-sensitive IPN microgels: Synthesis, characterization and drug release characteristics

“…[18]. Although, guar gum has offered huge industrial [19] and biomedical applications [20], it has serious limitations like degradation of aqueous solutions, uncontrolled rate of hydration, changes in the viscosity during the storage and microbial contamination [21].…”

Preparation and Characterization of Zwitterionic Poly(β-cyclodextrin-co -guanidinocitrate) Hydrogels for Ciprofloxacin Controlled Release

“…The DSC thermograms for CFX, ZWβCDP‐4, and ZWβCDP‐4/CFX are depicted in Figure . It is well known that in the DSC curve of pure CFX two endothermic transitions are observed, the first one at 152 °C which is due to loss of water of crystallization and the second one at 328 °C due to the melting of CFX . Transitions observed for ZWβCDP are consistent with those described previously.…”

Development of Multifunctional Biopolymeric Auto-Fluorescent Micro- and Nanogels as a Platform for Biomedical Applications

“…The micro/nano hydrogel particles of chitosan and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) were prepared by water in oil emulsion polymerization method (Kajjari et al, 2011). Linseed oil-based polyol was used as a hydrophobic modifier (Vashist et al, 2012(Vashist et al, , 2013.…”

“…The linseed oil polyol was added to the reaction mixture and stirring was continued at 1400 rpm for 6 h. The synthesized hydrogel particles were washed with n-hexane to remove the excess of oil. The excess amount of GA was deactivated by 0.1 M glycine solution (Kajjari et al, 2011). The hydrogel particles were dried for 24 h at room temperature.…”