Novel Interfacial Bulk Heterojunction Technique for Enhanced Response in ZnO Nanogenerator

Abstract

In this paper, a direct sustainable approach for the development of a n-ZnO:p-CuO heterojunction (ZCH) through a simple grinding is reported to be an effective technique to enhance the piezoelectric performance of ZCH/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposite-based nanogenerators (ZP-PNGs). We have first optimized the best concentration for ZnO/PDMS nanocomposite for the realization of the piezoelectric nanogenerator. Later, with the same configuration, we implemented a novel, simple, facile, frugal, and inexpensive technique to fabricate ZCH. The heterojunction results in the improved charge transfer characteristics, low capacitance, and charge nullification contributing to the enhanced piezoelectric output. This reflects in the improvement of the peak-to-peak piezoelectric potential of the device from 2.7 to 9 V. The instantaneous max power density was found to be 0.2 mW/m2. The device can work as a force sensor with improved sensitivity of 1.7 V/N compared to 1.05 V/N of the intrinsic device. The device is being systematically studied for load matching and capacitor charging to demonstrate its practicability. Furthermore, we tested our device to harness the biomechanical energy from day-to-day life activities. Finally, the device was used to fabricate sustainable piezoelectric-based smart urinal systems for low-income group countries.

Approach for Enhancement in Output Performance of Randomly Oriented ZnSnO3 Nanorod-Based Piezoelectric Nanogenerator via p–n Heterojunction and Surface Passivation Layer

“…This is due to the fact that greater force gives rise to higher strain components according to the IEEE Standard on Piezoelectricity (1987), and the component of electrical displacement of the included piezoelectric components is linked to the functional stress. 27 Thus, a greater strain value gives rise to greater electric displacement in the material, which further increases the polarization density of the material. This characteristic of the PENG reflects its significant role in the applications of self-powered accelerometer or force sensor.…”

“…26 Recently, Pandey et al fabricated a PENG through bulk heterojunction establishment of CuO−ZnO (p−n) to boost the harvest of energy from ZnO-based PENG. 27 Yin et al showed an enhanced performance of the ZnO-based PENG device through the formation of a heterojunction with p-type NiO. 28 On the other hand, a p−n homojunction produces an enhanced output due to the better junction interface and the upgraded chemical and mechanical durabilities of semiconductor p−n homojunction compared to the semiconductor−polymer heterojunctions.…”

“…Using this approach, they showed a 7-fold higher output voltage compared to ZnO-based PENG through successful suppression of screening piezoelectric potential by excessive electrons . Recently, Pandey et al fabricated a PENG through bulk heterojunction establishment of CuO–ZnO (p–n) to boost the harvest of energy from ZnO-based PENG . Yin et al showed an enhanced performance of the ZnO-based PENG device through the formation of a heterojunction with p-type NiO .…”

Piezoelectric Nanogenerators Derived Self‐Powered Sensors for Multifunctional Applications and Artificial Intelligence

“…Although ZnO exhibits low dielectric constant (εr) and moderate piezoelectric strain constant (E), it possesses higher piezoelectric voltage constant and can be readily fabricated into different nanostructures for flexible PENGs. [16][17][18] In recent years, to improve the output performance and develop diversified applications, researchers have also developed various structures of ZnO such as nanowires, nanorods, nanosheets, and nanobows to construct piezoelectric nanogenerators. [19][20][21] 2D single crystal materials as high-performance piezoelectric materials have also attracted great attentions.…”

Introduction of Triboelectric Positive Bioplastic for Powering Portable Electronics and Self-Powered Gait Sensor

“…Hence, powering these devices is sporadically disadvantageous specifically in the remote areas because of size limitations and the need of frequent recharge . Different approaches have been adopted to harvest electrical energy from various alternative sources like solar, thermal, and mechanical energies. − Motion-based mechanical energy is highly abundant and easily accessible in the ambient environment, which provides an important alternative route in obtaining cost-effective, carbon-emission-free, and sustainable electrical power sources. In this context, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are promising to generate electrical energy from motion-based mechanical energy that could power small and portable electronic devices and can act as self-powered sensors. − The working principle of TENGs relies on the charge affinity between two active materials surfaces, where at least one material is nonconducting in nature.…”