Novel Integration Techniques for Gap Waveguides and MMICs Suitable for Multilayer Waveguide Applications

Ren, Qiannan; Zaman, Ashraf Uz; Yang, Jian; Vassilev, Vessen; Bencivenni, Carlo

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2022.3194204

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…GW based passive components such as antenna, and filter have been demonstrated both at low and high frequency up to 100 GHz over the last few years [21], [22]. Different types of transitions from GW to rectangular waveguide (WG), microstrip line, and coplanar WG have also been proposed and demonstrated and can be used for the integration of active and passive devices [15], [23], [24], [25], [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilayer Dry Film Photoresist Fabrication of a Robust >100 GHz Gap Waveguide Slot Array Antenna

Farjana

Alfonso²,

Lundgren

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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This article presents the first use of a multilayer dry film photoresist to fabricate a slot array antenna by micromachining. The proposed fabrication process demonstrates a straightforward and fast method of realizing antenna structures and delicate features with very high accuracy above 100 GHz. The slot array antenna design is based on gap waveguide technology. The designed antenna consists of two layers: a slot layer and a feed layer with a transition to measuring waveguide. The antenna contains structures that require a multiple level dry film fabrication process with thicknesses ranging from 80 µm to 400 µm with ±10 µm tolerance. The fabricated antenna shows good accuracy. To make the fabricated antenna layers conductive, the fabricated polymer antenna was coated with Ti and Au. The input reflection coefficient was measured to be below -11 dB over a 10% bandwidth from 136-148 GHz, and the antenna gain was measured to be 11.4 dBi at 142 GHz, both of which are in fair agreement with simulations. A thermal cycling test has been conducted on the fabricated antenna and the results show insignificant degradation at least up to 300 cycles in the temperature range −50 • C to 135 • C which is the typical temperature gradient range for many practical outdoor wireless applications.INDEX TERMS Dry film photoresist, gap waveguide technology, microfabrication, micromachined millimeter wave antenna, slot array, thermal reliability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilayer Dry Film Photoresist Fabrication of a Robust >100 GHz Gap Waveguide Slot Array Antenna

Farjana

Alfonso²,

Lundgren

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

Self Cite

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“…On the other hand, non-planar technologies (waveguides and coaxial cables) offer improved performance with lower losses and higher power handling capabilities but come with disadvantages that include reduced operation bandwidth and bulky topologies. Moreover, non-planar technologies are unsuitable for cost-effective mass production, and integrating active circuits requires complex wire-bounding and intermediate transitions to planar lines [13].…”

Section: Emerging Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of non-conventional microwave devices based on substrate-integrated technology for advanced applications

Nova Giménez

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Introduction 1.1 Motivation and Interest of the TopicThere has been a rapid transformation in communication systems in recent years, with a particular impact on satellite communications. The high demand for data throughput, bandwidth and ubiquitous connectivity is pushing microwave technology to its limits. This change is particularly evident in the space industry, where the business focus has shifted from large Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites to constellations of numerous satellites operating in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The concept of large LEO constellations is reminiscent of the ambitious global phone connectivity projects of the 1990s that include Iridium, Globalstar, and Odyssey. Most of these systems were ultimately cancelled due to their high costs or technological limitations, which led the new LEO systems to focus on reducing the cost per bit.In this evolving scenario, the feasibility of these new satellite systems heavily relies on the reduction of production, launching, and operation costs. Microwave devices used in these space communications systems must not only exhibit high performance and adaptability but also undergo a drastic reduction in weight, size, and price. These factors are crucial for the success and sustainability of the new generation of space communication systems, as highlighted by studies on large LEO constellations and industry reports [1,2].Different solutions can be applied to improve the performance and reduce the production cost and weight of the Radio Frequency (RF) front-ends. One notable solution is the Substrate Integrated Circuit (SIC) technology, which emerged in the late 1990s to address similar demands of the industry [3,4]. The SIC technology involves the integration of different waveguide topologies within a substrate stack-up, combining the benefits of planar transmission lines (e.g., microstrip, coplanar, and stripline) and non-planar technologies (e.g.,• Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites orbit the Earth at an altitude of approximately 36 000 km [11]. At this altitude, satellites travel at the same rate as the Earth's rotation, making them appear stationary in the sky. This characteristic eliminates the need for complex tracking systems in the ground segment and enables near-continental coverage. A single GEO satellite can provide coverage from around 20 degrees north to 20 degrees south latitude [9]. Moreover, due to its high altitude, only three equally spaced GEO satellites are required to achieve quasi-global coverage. These characteristics make the GEO systems particularly suitable for broadcasting communications Substrate integrated technologiesThe integration of planar and non-planar circuits is a critical aspect of microwave and millimetre wave front-ends. Planar transmission lines (i.e., microstrip, coplanar waveguide, Empty Substrate Integrated Coaxial Line (ESICL) and Ridge Empty Substrate Integrated Waveguide (RESIW) that integrate coaxial lines and ridge waveguides in planar substrates.The significant interest in this technology has als...

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A Millimeter-Wave Six-Port Junction Based on Ridge Gap Waveguide

2023

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Novel Integration Techniques for Gap Waveguides and MMICs Suitable for Multilayer Waveguide Applications

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Multilayer Dry Film Photoresist Fabrication of a Robust >100 GHz Gap Waveguide Slot Array Antenna

Multilayer Dry Film Photoresist Fabrication of a Robust >100 GHz Gap Waveguide Slot Array Antenna

Development of non-conventional microwave devices based on substrate-integrated technology for advanced applications

A Millimeter-Wave Six-Port Junction Based on Ridge Gap Waveguide

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