Novel insights on new particle formation derived from a pan-european observing system

Dall’Osto, Manuel; Beddows, D. C. S.; Asmi, Ari; Poulain, Laurent; Hao, Liqing; Freney, Evelyn; Allan, J. D.; Canagaratna, Manjula R.; Crippa, Monica; Bianchi, Federico; Leeuw, G. de; Eriksson, Axel; Swietlicki, Erik; Hansson, Hans Christen; Henzing, Bas; Granier, Claire; Zemánková, Kateřina; Laj, Paolo; Onasch, T. B.; Prévôt, Andrê S. H.; Putaud, Jean‐Philippe; Sellegri, Karine; Vidal, Montserrat; Virtanen, Annele; Simó, Rafel; Worsnop, Douglas R.; O’Dowd, Colin; Kulmala, Markku; Harrison, Roy M.

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-17343-9

Cited by 52 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Cluster analysis has routinely been used to understand SMPS data for over a decade , 2018a, b, 2017aLange et al, 2018;Beddows et al, 2014Beddows et al, , 2009 and is useful in reducing the complexity of multivariate data into a manageable size to understand natural processes in the environment. The cluster analysis procedure is relatively straightforward and consists of three stages: (i) normalization, (ii) cluster choice and (iii) cluster partition.…”

Section: Smps K-mean Clustering Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

On the annual variability of Antarctic aerosol size distributions at Halley Research Station

et al. 2020

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The Southern Ocean and Antarctic region currently best represent one of the few places left on our planet with conditions similar to the preindustrial age. Currently, climate models have a low ability to simulate conditions forming the aerosol baseline; a major uncertainty comes from the lack of understanding of aerosol size distributions and their dynamics. Contrasting studies stress that primary sea salt aerosol can contribute significantly to the aerosol population, challenging the concept of climate biogenic regulation by new particle formation (NPF) from dimethyl sulfide marine emissions.We present a statistical cluster analysis of the physical characteristics of particle size distributions (PSDs) collected at Halley (Antarctica) for the year 2015 (89 % data coverage; 6-209 nm size range; daily size resolution). By applying the Hartigan-Wong k-mean method we find eight clusters describing the entire aerosol population. Three clusters show pristine average low particle number concentrations (< 121-179 cm −3 ) with three main modes (30, 75-95 and 135-160 nm) and represent 57 % of the annual PSD (up to 89 %-100 % during winter and 34 %-65 % during summer based on monthly averages). Nucleation and Aitken mode PSD clusters dominate summer months (September-January, 59 %-90 %), whereas a clear bimodal distribution (43 and 134 nm, respectively; Hoppel minimum at mode 75 nm) is seen only during the December-April period (6 %-21 %). Major findings of the current work include: (1) NPF and growth events originate from both the sea ice marginal zone and the Antarctic plateau, strongly suggesting multiple vertical origins, including the marine boundary layer and free troposphere; (2) very low particle number concentrations are detected for a substantial part of the year (57 %), including summer (34 %-65 %), suggesting that the strong annual aerosol concentration cycle is driven by a short temporal interval of strong NPF events; (3) a unique pristine aerosol cluster is seen with a bimodal size distribution (75 and 160 nm, respectively), strongly associated with high wind speed and possibly associated with blowing snow and sea spray sea salt, dominating the winter aerosol population (34 %-54 %). A brief comparison with two other stations (Dome C -Concordia -and King Sejong Station) during the year 2015 (240 d overlap) shows that the dynamics of aerosol number concentrations and distributions are more complex than the simple sulfate-sea-spray binary combination, and it is likely that an array of additional chemical components and processes drive the aerosol population. A conceptual illustra-Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 4462T. Lachlan-Cope et al.: Annual variability of Antarctic aerosol size distributions tion is proposed indicating the various atmospheric processes related to the Antarctic aerosols, with particular emphasis on the origin of new particle formation and growth.

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Section: Smps K-mean Clustering Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

On the annual variability of Antarctic aerosol size distributions at Halley Research Station

et al. 2020

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“…The Ångström coefficient (å) is computed from multi-wavelength nephelometer measurements according to Equation (6). In this study, we combined the scattering coefficient at 525 nm with the absorption coefficient to get the in situ extinction coefficient (EXT IS ) and aerosol single scattering albedo (ω 0 ) between 520nm and 525 nm according to Equations (7) and (8).…”

Section: Nephelometermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To understand the effects of aerosol particles on climate and health, measurements of their optical and physical properties, e.g., particle number size distributions, concentrations, aerosol light absorption and scattering in the atmosphere, are needed. Important information on atmospheric aerosol properties have been provided at the European scale, e.g., new particle formation (NPF) [7,8], aerosol-cloud interactions [9,10], and aerosol scattering and absorption [11,12]. These measurements were mostly being performed within the ACTRIS (Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure Network) project [13] and all data used in this study are available via the ACTRIS-EBAS data portal (http://ebas.nilu.no/).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Aerosol Physical and Optical Properties at the Observatoire Pérenne de l’Environnement (OPE) Site

et al. 2020

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The Observatoire Pérenne de l’Environnement (OPE) station is a rural background site located in North-Eastern France. Besides emissions from agricultural activities, the site is located far from local emissions but at an even distance from the intense emission zones of Western Germany to the north-east and the Paris area to the south-west. In the paper, we report and analyze almost six years of measurements (1 May 2012 to 31 December 2018) of the optical and physical properties of aerosol particles. Based on aerosol optical and physical measurements combined with air mass back-trajectories, we investigate the dependence of these properties on air mass type. Two distinct equivalent black carbon (EBC) sources—origins-fossil fuel (FF) and biomass burning (BB)— were identified. FF was the dominant source of EBC (>70%) but showed a very marked seasonal variation. BB fraction is found higher during the cold seasons in the order of 35% (0.1 µg m−3) against 17% (0.05 µg m−3) during the warm seasons. The highest EBC and N0.54–1.15 (particles whose diameter ranged from 0.54 to 1.15 µm) median concentrations were observed during the night time and during the cold seasons compared to the warmer seasons, indicating primary sources trapped within a thin boundary layer (BL). A different behavior is found for N10–550 (particles whose diameter ranged from 10 to 550 nm) and coarse mode particles (N1.15–4.5, i.e., particles whose diameter ranged from 1.15 to 4.5 µm) median concentrations, which were observed during the warm seasons compared to the cold seasons, indicating rather biogenic secondary sources for the smaller particles, and potentially primary biogenic sources for the coarse mode particles. The scattering and absorption coefficients and single scattering albedo (SSA) show the same seasonal variations like the ones of N0.54–1.15 concentrations, indicating that particles larger than 500 nm seemed to contribute the most to the optical properties of the aerosol.

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“…S losses takes into account additional losses and was ignored in this study. GR was calculated using the mode-fitting method (Dal Maso et al, 2005).…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and growth of atmospheric nanoparticles in the eastern Mediterranean: results from long-term measurements and process simulations

et al. 2019

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Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is a common phenomenon all over the world. In this study we present the longest time series of NPF records in the eastern Mediterranean region by analyzing 10 years of aerosol number size distribution data obtained with a mobility particle sizer. The measurements were performed at the Finokalia environmental research station on Crete, Greece, during the period June 2008-June 2018. We found that NPF took place on 27 % of the available days, undefined days were 23 % and non-event days 50 %. NPF is more frequent in April and May probably due to the terrestrial biogenic activity and is less frequent in August. Throughout the period under study, nucleation was observed also during the night. Nucleation mode particles had the highest concentration in winter and early spring, mainly because of the minimum sinks, and their average contribution to the total particle number concentration was 8 %. Nucleation mode particle concentra-tions were low outside periods of active NPF and growth, so there are hardly any other local sources of sub-25 nm particles. Additional atmospheric ion size distribution data simultaneously collected for more than 2 years were also analyzed. Classification of NPF events based on ion spectrometer measurements differed from the corresponding classification based on a mobility spectrometer, possibly indicating a different representation of local and regional NPF events between these two measurement data sets. We used the MALTE-Box model for simulating a case study of NPF in the eastern Mediterranean region. Monoterpenes contributing to NPF can explain a large fraction of the observed NPF events according to our model simulations. However the adjusted parameterization resulting from our sensitivity tests was significantly different from the initial one that had been determined for the boreal environment.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

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Novel insights on new particle formation derived from a pan-european observing system

Cited by 52 publications

References 75 publications

On the annual variability of Antarctic aerosol size distributions at Halley Research Station

On the annual variability of Antarctic aerosol size distributions at Halley Research Station

Characterization of Aerosol Physical and Optical Properties at the Observatoire Pérenne de l’Environnement (OPE) Site

Formation and growth of atmospheric nanoparticles in the eastern Mediterranean: results from long-term measurements and process simulations

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