Novel insights into the effect of deer IGF‐1 on chondrocyte viability and IL‐1β‐induced inflammation response

Abstract

Clinical treatment of Osteoarthritis (OA) remains a challenge due to the poor self‐regeneration ability of cartilage. Deer antler is the only cartilage tissue that can completely regenerate each year. Insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) is one of the major active components in the deer antler that participate in regulating the rapid regeneration of deer antler cartilage. This has led us to speculate that deer IGF‐1 might potentially become a candidate drug for reducing damage and inflammation of OA. Thus, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of deer IGF‐1 in chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation response. Deer, mouse, and human IGF‐1 amino acid sequences and protein structures were aligned using CLUSTAL and PSIPRED. The underlying molecular mechanism of deer IGF‐1 on primary chondrocytes was investigated by RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) technology combined with various experiments. Cytokine interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) was used to induce the inflammation response of primary chondrocytes. We found that deer IGF‐1 was more similar to human IGF‐1 than mouse IGF‐1. qRT‐PCR and immunofluorescence assay indicated that deer IGF‐1 had stronger effects than mouse IGF‐1. We also found that the deer IGF‐1 enhanced the expression of cell proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix (ECM)‐related genes, but decreased the expression of ECM‐degrading genes. Deer IGF‐1 also attenuated the IL‐1β‐induced inflammatory and ECM degradation in chondrocytes. This study provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of deer IGF‐1 on primary chondrocyte viability and presents a candidate for combatting inflammatory responses in OA development.

Action of Platelet-Rich Plasma on In Vitro Cellular Bioactivity: More than Platelets

“…Surprisingly, the only factor that correlated with cell proliferation individually was IGF-1, being the only molecule that did not depend on platelet concentration. This finding was in line with numerous studies in which IGF-1 stimulated cell proliferation in different cell types, such as retinal cells [ 23 ], neurons [ 24 ], chondrocytes [ 25 ], or tenocytes [ 26 ]. Therefore, although it seems reasonable to consider the importance of IGF-1 in PRP, no previous studies have demonstrated its dose-dependent effect on cell proliferation after PRP use in cell culture.…”

New Formulations of Platelet-Rich Plasma: The Relevance of Extraplatelet Molecules

“…A study conducted in an in vitro model of skin fibroblasts concluded that the higher the concentration of the extraplatelet factor IGF-1, the higher the proliferation at 96 h. IGF-1 was the only growth factor analyzed that was statistically significant when it came to proliferation [10]. This proliferative capacity has been found in different cell types such as chondrocytes, tenocytes, neurons and retinal cells [36][37][38][39].…”

Insights into the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and differential diagnosis of schistosomiasis

“…As bladder cancer remains a common problem in regions where schistosomiasis is endemic, it is advisable to monitor individuals testing positive for schistosomiasis for prognostic indicators of bladder cancer [ 41 ]. The observed association between Schistosoma infection and infertility in both men and women may be explained by chronic inflammation, scar tissue formation, and severe granulomatous reactions [ 43 ]. In women, schistosomiasis can cause progressive fibrosis in the ovaries and fallopian tubes, leading to tubal occlusion and affecting the reproductive system [ 44 ].…”