Novel insights into renal mineralization and stone formation through advanced imaging modalities

Abstract

Observations were patterned through a novel and unified theory of stepwise-architecture guided biomineralization (a combination of smaller structures leading to a larger but similar structural framework). A plausible stepwise progression in renal biomineralization is proposed; proximal intratubular calcium phosphate deposits can lead to interstitial yet calcium phosphate rich RP and mature into a stem on which a calcium oxalate stone grows within the collecting system of a kidney.

Osteogenic Differentiation of Renal Interstitial Fibroblasts Promoted by lncRNA MALAT1 May Partially Contribute to Randall’s Plaque Formation

“…Furthermore, it was verified that human renal proximal tubular cells (HK-2) can form CaP deposits after induction with osteogenic medium and that apoptosis might trigger the osteogenic phenotype of HK-2 cells during induction ( Priante et al, 2019a ). Since solutes are transported into the interstitium, and the interstitial papillary tip where RP form exhibits the highest concentration of solutes, including calcium ions ( Wiener et al, 2018a ), it is sensible to further clarify the potential interaction between calcium ions and hRIFs, and it will be interesting to identify whether there is cross-talk between hRIFs and RTECs, such as paracrine signaling, through which hRIFs and RTECs synergistically promote renal interstitial mineralization and even lead to RP formation.…”

“…Interestingly, the progression of CaP deposition in the renal interstitium to RP formation was found to be similar to pathological biomineralization ( Evan et al, 2015b ; Hsi et al, 2017 ), and previous studies advanced the hypothesis that the formation of RP involves a process driven by osteogenic-like cells ( Gambaro et al, 2004 ; Khan and Canales, 2015 ). Despite the increasing number of studies and various resulting theories, the precise mechanisms of RP formation remain unclear ( Wiener et al, 2018a ). To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of interstitial biomineralization in renal papillae, we focused on the osteogenic phenotype of human renal interstitial fibroblasts (hRIFs), since renal interstitial fibroblasts (RIFs) play an important role in the pathophysiology of renal interstitial diseases ( Sharpe and Dockrell, 2012 ), and many fibroblasts have been proven to have the potential for osteoblast differentiation seen elsewhere, such as periodontal ligament fibroblasts ( de Vries et al, 2018 ) and bronchial fibroblasts ( Sabatini et al, 2005 ).…”

Fatty acid–binding protein 4 downregulation drives calcification in the development of kidney stone disease

“…The specimens were placed in a centrifuge tube in 50% ethanol and mounted inside a calibrated micro-CT unit, then imaged for analyses, as described previously. 49 Microarray analysis for CaOx nephrocalcinosis mice model All animal studies followed the recommendations of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Nagoya City University Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6N mice (n ¼ 18) were given an intraabdominal injection of 80 mg/kg of glyoxylate for 12 days, and renal tissues were collected for analyses.…”

Factors Affecting the Environmentally Induced, Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Aetiology in Dry Zonal Regions in Tropical Countries—Novel Findings

“…In addition to growth, these nanoparticles agglomerate, and some incorporates F − forming stable fluoroapatite. Growth and aggregation of nanotubes cause nano-ruptures of tubular wall exacerbating the inflammation and fibrosis (lower part of the figure-modified from Wiener S.V., et al, 2018; [64]).…”