Novel Insights into miRNA in Lung and Heart Inflammatory Diseases

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding regulatory sequences that govern posttranscriptional inhibition of genes through binding mainly at regulatory regions. The regulatory mechanism of miRNAs are influenced by complex crosstalk among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within miRNA seed region and epigenetic modifications. Circulating miRNAs exhibit potential characteristics as stable biomarker. Functionally, miRNAs are involved in basic regulatory mechanisms of cells including inflammation. Thus, miRNA dysregulation, resulting in aberrant expression of a gene, is suggested to play an important role in disease susceptibility. This review focuses on the role of miRNA as diagnostic marker in pathogenesis of lung inflammatory diseases and in cardiac remodelling events during inflammation. From recent reports, In this context, the information about the models in which miRNAs expression were investigated including types of biological samples, as well as on the methods for miRNA validation and prediction/definition of their gene targets are emphasized in the review. Besides disease pathogenesis, promising role of miRNAs in early disease diagnosis and prognostication is also discussed. However, some miRNAs are also indicated with protective role. Thus, identifications and usage of such potential miRNAs as well as disruption of disease susceptible miRNAs using antagonists, antagomirs, are imperative and may provide a novel therapeutic approach towards combating the disease progression.

MicroRNA Expression Profile of Spleen CD4+ T Cells from Thioredoxin Primed Lung Transplanted Rats

“…We found that significantly up-regulated miRNAs (miR-342-3p, miR-128, miR-30b-5p, miR-29a, miR-25, and miR-146a) or down-regulated miRNAs (miR-301a, miR-33, miR-210, miR-206, miR-494, miR-196c, miR-362, miR-466b-2, miR-758, miR-466c, miR101a, and miR-29b) appeared to be associated with multiple regulatory functions including inflammation and immune responses. For example, upregulated miR-146a/b, miR-30a/b, miR-29a have been known to play a critical role in acute injury and inflammation as well as immune responses in multiple organs including lungs (13,14,19,20). Upregulation of miR-146a is also known to suppress inflammatory responses in in chemical and cytokine-induced acute lung injury (21,22).…”

“…The role of miRNAs has been well documented in multiple pulmonary pathophysiologic conditions including in lung allograft rejection (13,14). They are critical regulators of various cellular processes including gene expression, immunologic responses, and proliferation.…”

TEMA 7-2015: Micro ARN y Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica

“…El depósito de partículas de tabaco en las vías aéreas inferiores en el paciente con EPOC, desencadena un proceso inflamatorio crónico que evoluciona hacia daño pulmonar irreversible, causando enfisema como complicación (4,(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26) . El tabaquismo aumenta la expresión de 175 genes que causan estos cambios y la susceptibilidad genética presente en los fumadores define el inicio y progresión de la enfermedad (14,(22)(23)(24)(25) .…”

“…Los micro RNA regulan la diferenciación de células inflamatorias y tienen una función como reguladores de la respuesta immune (20,21) . Se ha documentado que los miR se involucran en el desarrollo de linfocitos T y B. El miR-150 bloquea la producción de células B maduras por desregulación del factor de transcripción.…”

“…De esta manera, los lipopolisacaridos, antígenos microbianos y ligando principal para TLR4, se han asociado con inducción de miR-155, miR-146, miR-9 y miR-21 (15,(18)(19)(20)(21) .…”