Novel Insight into Vascular, Stress, and Auxin-Dependent and -Independent Gene Expression Programs in Strawberry, a Non-Climacteric Fruit

Aharoni, Asaph; Keizer, L.C.P.; Broeck, H.C. van den; Blanco‐Portales, Rosario; Muñoz‐Blanco, Juan; Bois, Gregory; Smit, Patrick; Vos, Ric C. H. de; O’Connell, Ann P.

doi:10.1104/pp.003558

Cited by 163 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Its sensitivity and reliability has been demonstrated in the study of a variety of phenomena including fruit ripening (Aharoni et al, 2002), the hypersensitive response in response to pathogen (Schenk et al, 2000), and the response to wounding (Cheong et al, 2002). In particular, microarray data was shown to be highly consistent with results obtained by RNA gel multiple times (Desikan et al, 2001;Perez-Amador et al, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Clustering of Microarray Data Reveals Transcript Patterns Associated with Somatic Embryogenesis in Soybean,

et al. 2003

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Globular somatic embryos can be induced from immature cotyledons of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv Jack) placed on high levels of the auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Somatic embryos develop from the adaxial side of the cotyledon, whereas the abaxial side evolves into a callus. Using a 9,280-cDNA clone array, we have compared steady-state RNA from the adaxial side from which embryos develop and from the abaxial callus at five time points over the course of the 4 weeks necessary for the development of globular embryos. In a second set of experiments, we have profiled the expression of each clone in the adaxial side during the same period. A total of 495 genes differentially expressed in at least one of these experiments were grouped according to the similarity of their expression profiles using a nonhierarchical clustering algorithm. Our results indicate that the appearance of somatic embryos is preceded by dedifferentiation of the cotyledon during the first 2 weeks on auxin. Changes in mRNA abundance of genes characteristic of oxidative stress and genes indicative of cell division in the adaxial side of the cotyledons suggest that the arrangement of the new cells into organized structures might depend on a genetically controlled balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Our data also suggest that the formation of somatic globular embryos is accompanied by the transcription of storage proteins and the synthesis of gibberellic acid.Due to their ability to regenerate into full plants, somatic embryos are the tissue of choice for transformation by particle bombardment in several crop species including soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv Jack; Finer and McMullen, 1991). In soybean, somatic embryos are obtained by induction, or culturing, of immature cotyledons on high concentration of auxin. Globular somatic embryos originate from epidermal and subepidermal cells of the adaxial side of the cotyledon (Finer, 1988), whereas the abaxial side evolves into a callus. The adaxial side is the "flat" side of the cotyledons, closest to the axis of the embryo, whereas the abaxial side is the side of the cotyledon in contact with the endosperm and the seed coat. However, the response to tissue culture is highly genotype dependent (Meurer et al., 2001), and the ability to transform a wider range of cultivars could accelerate the production of transgenic plants.Somatic and zygotic embryos follow the same general pattern of development (Zimmerman, 1993;Goldberg et al., 1994). However, large quantities of somatic embryos can be produced in vitro, making them more amenable to experimentation than their zygotic counterparts, which are protected by fruit structures and less accessible. Therefore, somatic embryos constitute a model system to study basic aspects of embryogenesis, as well as a tool for efficient transformation.Little is known of the genes expressed in early globular stage embryos (Zimmerman, 1993). Choi evaluated that only 10% of the proteins visible on a two-dimensional gel are embryo specific (Choi ...

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confidence: 86%

Clustering of Microarray Data Reveals Transcript Patterns Associated with Somatic Embryogenesis in Soybean,

et al. 2003

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“…Observations in both climacteric and nonclimacteric fruits, however, have revealed that decline in auxin levels and in auxin-regulated gene expression correlates with onset of ripening (Given et al 1988;Cohen 1996;Davies et al 1997;Catalá et al 2000), and that ectopically applied auxin delays ripening and represses genes involved in ripening (Vendrell 1985;Manning 1994;Davies et al 1997;Aharoni et al 2002). These results suggest that auxin plays an important role in regulating the onset of fruit ripening in these species, possibly by optimizing the capacity of the fruit to ripen.…”

Section: Fruit Ripeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct and Dynamic Auxin Activities During Reproductive Development

Sundberg¹,

Østergaard²

2009

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

132

110

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Flowering plants have evolved sophisticated and complicated reproductive structures to ensure optimal conditions for the next generation. Successful reproduction relies on careful timing and coordination of tissue development, which requires constant communication between these tissues. Work on flower and fruit development over the last decade places the phytohormone auxin in a key role as a master of patterning and tissue specification of reproductive organs. Although many questions still remain, it is now clear that auxin mediates its function in flowers and fruits through an integrated process of biosynthesis, transport, and signaling, as well as interaction with other hormonal pathways. In addition, the knowledge obtained so far about auxin function already allows researchers to develop tools for crop improvement and precision agriculture.

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“…Elevated levels of caffeic, ferulic, and sinapic acid hexoses might contribute to monolignol biosynthesis and lignin formation in the fruit vasculature (Humphrey and Chapple, 2002;Gross, 2007). Aharoni et al (2002a) provided evidence for the induced expression of genes putatively involved in lignification during ripening in both receptacle and achenes (Aharoni et al, 2002a;BlancoPortales et al, 2002). …”

Section: Metabolism In the Receptacle And Achenes During Mid To Latementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It appears likely that the coordinated action between achene and receptacle is part of the mechanism ensuring achene maturation prior to fruit ripening. In support of this theory, it has been clearly demonstrated that declining auxin levels trigger ripening by inducing the de novo synthesis of several ripening-associated mRNAs (Manning, 1994(Manning, , 1998Aharoni et al, 2002a;Benítez-Burraco et al, 2003;Castillejo et al, 2004). The developmental changes during strawberry maturation are accompanied by massive and coordinated changes in the levels of transcripts related to primary and secondary metabolism (Aharoni and O'Connell, 2002).…”

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confidence: 93%

Reconfiguration of the Achene and Receptacle Metabolic Networks during Strawberry Fruit Development

et al. 2008

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The anatomy of strawberry (Fragaria 3 ananassa) fruit, in which the achene is found on the outer part of the fruit, makes it an excellent species for studying the regulation of fruit development. It can provide a model for the cross talk between primary and secondary metabolism, whose role is of pivotal importance in the process. By combining gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with the aim of addressing the metabolic regulation underlying fruit seed development, we simultaneously analyzed the composition of primary and secondary metabolites, separately, in achene and receptacle during fruit ripening of strawberry cultivar Herut. The results from these analyses suggest that changes in primary and secondary metabolism reflect organ and developmental specificities. For instance, the receptacle was characterized by increases in sugars and their direct derivatives, while the achene was characterized by a major decrease in the levels of carbon-and nitrogen-rich compounds, with the exception of storage-related metabolites (e.g. raffinose). Furthermore, the receptacle, and to a lesser extent the achene, exhibited dynamic fluctuations in the levels and nature of secondary metabolites across the ripening process. In the receptacle, proanthocyanidins and flavonol derivatives characterized mainly early developmental stages, while anthocyanins were abundant in the mature red stage; in the achene, ellagitannin and flavonoids were abundant during early and late development, respectively. Correlation-based network analysis suggested that metabolism is substantially coordinated during early development in either organ. Nonetheless, a higher degree of connectivity within and between metabolic pathways was measured in the achenes. The data are discussed within the context of current models both of the interaction of primary and secondary metabolism and of the metabolic interaction between the different plant organs.

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Novel Insight into Vascular, Stress, and Auxin-Dependent and -Independent Gene Expression Programs in Strawberry, a Non-Climacteric Fruit

Cited by 163 publications

References 53 publications

Clustering of Microarray Data Reveals Transcript Patterns Associated with Somatic Embryogenesis in Soybean,

Clustering of Microarray Data Reveals Transcript Patterns Associated with Somatic Embryogenesis in Soybean,

Distinct and Dynamic Auxin Activities During Reproductive Development

Reconfiguration of the Achene and Receptacle Metabolic Networks during Strawberry Fruit Development

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