Novel Insight Into Intellectual Disability; A Review Article

Abstract

Intellectual disability or cognitive disturbance is a prevalent neurological problem determined by the low-level intelligence quotient (< 70). Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% to 3% of the general population. The collaboration of environmental factors and heterogeneous genetic agents can be a cause of intellectual disability in X-linked, autosomal dominant, recessive, and inheritance of mitochondria patterns. Spontaneous mutations in germ line may have vital phenotypic outcomes when involved in bases of the whole genome. Discovering the etiology of intellectual disability plays a role in precise diagnosis and can help the couple plan in the near future. Development of genome sequencing can improve mutation detection in a single experiment. These tools have been shown as a new way for the conception of the molecular pathway in a genetic disorder. This finding can have a profound implication for early diagnosis and treatment development. This study reviewed recent reports of de novo mutations detection of intellectual disability in the Iranian population by whole exome sequencing approaches.

Prevalence and Association of Different Levels of Intellectual Disability with Prenatal, Perinatal, Neonatal and Postnatal Factors

“…Intellectual disability (ID), characterized by embryonic development impairments in intellectual function and adaptive behavior which are determined by the low-level intelligence quotient (< 70) [1,2]. Intellectual disability (ID) can be divided into a mild group (IQ: 50 to 70), moderate group (IQ: 35 to 49), severe group (IQ: 20 to 34), and profound group (IQ below 20) which depends on IQ level [3].…”