Novel Inhibitor-Based Therapies for Thyroid Cancer—An Update

Abstract

Thyroid cancers (TCs) are the most common tumors of the endocrine system and a constant rise in the number of TC cases has been observed for the past few decades. TCs are one of the most frequent tumors in younger adults, especially in women, therefore early diagnosis and effective therapy are especially important. Ultrasonography examination followed by fine needle biopsy have become the gold standard for diagnosis of TCs, as these strategies allow for early-stage detection and aid accurate qualification for further procedures, including surgical treatment. Despite all the advancements in detection and treatment of TCs, constant mortality levels are still observed. Therefore, a novel generation line of targeted treatment strategies is being developed, including personalized therapies with kinase inhibitors. Recent molecular studies on TCs demonstrate that kinase inhibitor-based therapies might be considered as the most promising. In the past decade, new kinase inhibitors with different mechanisms of action have been reported and approved for clinical trials. This review presents an up-to-date picture of new approaches and challenges of inhibitor-based therapies in treatment of TCs, focusing on the latest findings reported over the past two years.

State of the Art in the Current Management and Future Directions of Targeted Therapy for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

“…With increasing knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of TC, the focus of cancer therapy has shifted from the treatments based on type and histology to those targeting specific gene dysregulations. Thus, novel targeted therapies are being developed for the subset of patients with a more aggressive disease course [ 23 ].…”

Analysis of the Rehabilitation Efficacy and Nutritional Status of Patients After Endoscopic Radical Thyroidectomy by Fast Track Surgery Based on Nutritional Support

“…It mainly presents as painless neck nodules or masses, it is more common in young adults, and the incidence in women is about 2–4 times that of men. Currently, the disease is mainly treated by surgery, radionuclide therapy and endocrine therapy ( 12 , 13 ). In recent years, with the continuous development and improvement of minimally invasive techniques, lumpectomy also plays an important role in the treatment of thyroid cancer, with the advantages of less trauma, less bleeding, faster recovery and better aesthetics ( 14 ).…”

Epidermal growth factor receptor activation confers resistance to lenvatinib in thyroid cancer cells

“… 47 , 48 , 49 Hence, molecular‐targeted therapies based on gene alterations will be introduced earlier than MKIs such as lenvatinib or sorafenib to treat advanced thyroid cancer. 50 , 51 However, approximately 20%–30% of thyroid cancers do not have driver gene mutations, thus MKIs such as lenvatinib will still be in use. Additionally, lenvatinib is anticipated as a second‐line treatment for cases that have acquired resistance to BRAF , RET , or NTRK inhibitors, therefore it is crucial to develop strategies to enhance the antitumor effects of lenvatinib on thyroid cancer cells.…”