Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Outbreak at the U.S. Air Force Academy

Witkop, Catherine; Duffy, Mark R.; Macias, Elizabeth; Gibbons, Thomas F.; Escobar, James D; Burwell, Kristen; Knight, Kenneth K.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.10.005

Cited by 76 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Published studies of pH1N1 transmission among contacts, following exposure, report secondary attack rates of acute respiratory illness and influenza-like illness ranging from 13 to 53% in household settings [31][32][33] ; 15% influenza-like illness among campers in two camp programs 34 ; 11% confirmed or suspected pH1N1 among 1346 cadets exposed in a military facility 22 ; 11% influenza-like illness attack rate among crew of a docked naval ship 35 ; and 35% self-reported illness among 2686 high school students in New York City. 36 These studies of pH1N1 transmission in other settings reflect attack rates of acute respiratory illness and ILI that are 2-10 times higher than were found among our passenger cohort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21,22 For flights A1 and A2, contacts were defined as persons who reported talking with, sharing hand-held electronics with, touching, or holding hands with the unaccompanied minors, or who were in close proximity to them for at least 1 h during air travel. Because flights A1 and A2 did not have assigned seating and the case-traveler sat in row 2, passengers who reported sitting "near the front" of the plane were assigned as contacts.…”

Section: Case and Contact Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 during air travel

Neatherlin

Cramer

Dubray

et al. 2013

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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SummaryThe global spread of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus (pH1N1) associated with travelers from North America during the onset of the 2009 pandemic demonstrates the central role of international air travel in virus migration. To characterize risk factors for pH1N1 transmission during air travel, we investigated travelers and airline employees from four North American flights carrying ill travelers with confirmed pH1N1 infection. Of 392 passengers and crew identified, information was available for 290 (74%) passengers were interviewed. Overall attack rates for acute respiratory infection and influenza-like illness 1-7 days after travel were 5.2% and 2.4% respectively. Of 43 individuals that provided sera, 4 (9.3%) tested positive for pH1N1 antibodies, including 3 with serologic evidence of asymptomatic infection. Investigation of novel influenza aboard aircraft may be instructive. However, beyond the initial outbreak phase, it may compete with community-based mitigation activities, and interpretation of findings will be difficult in the context of established community transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case and Contact Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 during air travel

Neatherlin

Cramer

Dubray

et al. 2013

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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“…However, animal models show that the 2009 H1N1 virus replicates more efficiently than seasonal influenza viruses in the respiratory tract 5, 6, 7. In addition, several studies have shown that the 2009 H1N1 virus can still be present for 8 days or more 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Hence, some patients require additional antiviral treatments and need to be isolated to prevent infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors promoting the prolonged shedding of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus in patients treated with oseltamivir for 5 days

Ryoo

Kim

Sohn

et al. 2012

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundThe duration of viral shedding is an important determinant of infectivity and transmissibility and provides vital information for effective infection prevention and control. However, few studies have evaluated viral shedding in patients admitted to hospital with 2009 H1N1 influenza and treated with oseltamivir.ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of prolonged 2009 H1N1 influenza viral shedding in patients treated for 5 days with oseltamivir and to identify factors that promote prolonged viral shedding.MethodsThis was a prospective, observational cohort study of 173 patients infected with 2009 H1N1 influenza (confirmed by RT‐PCR) who were admitted to isolation rooms in the emergency department of our hospital between August 25, 2009 and December 31, 2009. All of the patients were treated according to institutional protocols and received routine follow‐up RT‐PCR testing after 5 days of oseltamivir therapy. Prolonged viral shedding was defined as a positive follow‐up RT‐PCR result.ResultOf the 173 patients in our cohort, 88 (50·8%) showed persistent viral shedding after oseltamivir treatment. Viral shedding was significantly prolonged if antiviral therapy was started ≥2 days after symptom onset (OR 2·74, 95% CI 1·29–5·82), if there were major comorbidities (OR 3·07, 95% CI 1·29–7·32), and/or if respiratory symptoms were still present on the day 5 of antiviral treatment (OR 4·13, 95% CI 2·10–8·11).ConclusionsThe presence of major comorbidities, a delay in initiating antiviral treatment, and continuing respiratory symptoms after 5 days of antiviral treatment are associated with prolonged shedding of the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus.

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“…The sensitivity and reproducibility of a PM's static response would depend on the uniformity and the molecular size of the immobilized functional layer and cleanliness of the sensing surface. [10][11][12] Effective screen-to-detect systems such as the results presented here can help mitigate future outbreaks 13 by providing an "early warning" system preceding established disease containment plans. We have demonstrated that PM arrays can be used to specifically detect Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Hemagglutinin Peptide.…”

Section: Author(s) All Article Content Except Where Otherwise Notedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoresistive measurement of Swine H1N1 Hemagglutinin peptide binding with microcantilever arrays

et al. 2014

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Effective detection of Swine H1N1 Hemagglutinin peptide is crucial as it could be used as a positive control to screen for highly infectious flu strains such as Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1). Piezoresistive microcantilever arrays present a pathway towards highly sensitive and label-free detection of biomolecules by transducing the antigen-antibody binding into change in resistivity via induced surface stress variation. We demonstrate a mechanical transduction of Swine H1N1 Hemagglutinin peptide binding and suggest the employed technique may offer a potential platform for detection of the H1N1 virus, which could be clinically used to diagnose and provide subsequent relief.

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Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Outbreak at the U.S. Air Force Academy

Cited by 76 publications

References 5 publications

Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 during air travel

Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 during air travel

Factors promoting the prolonged shedding of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus in patients treated with oseltamivir for 5 days

Piezoresistive measurement of Swine H1N1 Hemagglutinin peptide binding with microcantilever arrays

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