Novel illumination and parameter extraction technique for the characterization of multilayer structures in the GHz range with deep sub-wavelength resolution

Pourkazemi, Ali; Ranson, Willy; Stiens, Johan; Becquaert, Mathias; Vandewal, Marijke

doi:10.1109/mms.2015.7375420

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As such, TRM can be categorized as a special kind of Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) method without the need for ultra-short pulses. To simultaneously extract the thickness, complex permittivity and complex permeability of each layer, a dual-frequency illumination trace is needed [21][22][23]. Periodic illumination is obtained by on-off keying a Single Pole Single Throw (SPST) switch arranged between the CW generator and the SUT [22,23].…”

Section: Measurement Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We assume that the emitted waves are plane waves such that reflection and transmission properties at each interface can be easily derived. It is obvious from Figure 2b that the receiver will catch the nose of the reflection trace after the Round-Trip Time (RTT) and will continue to receive traces as long as the transmitter antenna is illuminating the SUT [21][22][23]. At each interface, the EMW energy will be divided into 2 parts, including reflection and transmission.…”

Section: Measurement Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we need to compromise between accuracy (number of points) and drift. Divergence of the beam due to nonlinearity (systematic error) was considered during the calibration by means of a PSMR as a reference, slid along the propagation direction [21][22][23]. Another systematic error that must be taken into account is the angle of the two antennas [7].…”

Section: Mitigation Of Intrinsic and Systematic Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on Fresnel's equation, reflection coefficient is a function of electromagnetic parameters at the sides of the interface as well as the angle of incidence. Based on the electromagnetic boundary condition as well as Snell's law, one can write (21), which is appropriate for a lossy-lossy interface while assuming that µ r = 1 for two sides of the interface [29,33,34].…”

Section: Systematic Error Due To Changes In the Permittivity By Meansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, finding new illumination methods and algorithm(s) that can cope with all mentioned problems is very appealing. In the next paragraph, we present the recently introduced method called the TRM [21][22][23]. In TRM, a multi-layer dielectric or magnetic structure is periodically illuminated with a monochromatic CW signal and the time-dependent reflection signal from the multi-layer structure under investigation is recorded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Error Assessment and Mitigation Methods in Transient Radar Method

Pourkazemi

Tayebi

Stiens

2020

Sensors

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Transient Radar Method (TRM) was recently proposed as a novel contact-free method for the characterization of multilayer dielectric structures including the geometric details. In this paper, we discuss and quantify the intrinsic and systematic errors of TRM. Also, solutions for mitigating these problems are elaborated extensively. The proposed solution for error correction will be applied to quantify experimentally the thickness of several single-layer dielectric structures with thicknesses varying from larger to smaller than the wavelength. We will show how the error correction method allows sub-wavelength thickness measurements around λ / 5 .

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Section: Measurement Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mitigation Of Intrinsic and Systematic Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Systematic Error Due To Changes In the Permittivity By Meansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Error Assessment and Mitigation Methods in Transient Radar Method

Pourkazemi

Tayebi

Stiens

2020

Sensors

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Transient Radar Method: Novel Illumination and Blind Electromagnetic/Geometrical Parameter Extraction Technique for Multilayer Structures

Pourkazemi¹,

Stiens²,

Becquaert³

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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Fully Blind Electromagnetic Characterization of Deep Sub-Wavelength (λ/100) Dielectric Slabs With Low Bandwidth Differential Transient Radar Technique at 10 GHz

Pourkazemi

Tayebi

Stiens

2022

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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Transient radar method (TRM) is introduced as a novel non-destructive testing (NDT) technique that is capable of analyzing fully blindly and simultaneously the electromagnetic (EM) properties as well as geometric parameters of deep sub-wavelength thin single layer slabs. This study focuses on the minimum detectable layer thickness by means of TRM, which mainly depends on the experimental setup configuration. In this article, the complex permittivity and thickness of three polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheets are extracted by means of a differential TRM set-up. The thickness of these PVC sheets was 1 mm, 500 μm, and 300 μm that corresponded to λ/30, λ/60, and λ/100, respectively (λ is the wavelength in free space). The carrier frequency was 10 GHz and the experiments were done in a bistatic radar setup. A differential TRM structure was used in this experiment. Some error sources, such as switch leakage and non-perpendicular illumination as well as systematic errors are considered as well. The experimentally obtained results are as follows: the thickness of these samples were 1033 ± 12, 535 ± 11, and 302 ± 9 μm with 1.18%, 0.94%, and 2.89% relative error, respectively. Additionally, the complex permittivity of these samples was found as (2.73 ± 0.02)-(0.23 ± 0.01)j, (2.70 ± 0.02)-(0.20 ± 0.02)j, and (2.65 ± 0.02)-(0.37 ± 0.01)j, respectively. This novel technique has the potential for deployment in a wide range of applications ranging from the piping, wind energy industry, and automotive to biotechnology, food industry, clinical monitoring, and pharmacy.

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Novel illumination and parameter extraction technique for the characterization of multilayer structures in the GHz range with deep sub-wavelength resolution

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Error Assessment and Mitigation Methods in Transient Radar Method

Error Assessment and Mitigation Methods in Transient Radar Method

Transient Radar Method: Novel Illumination and Blind Electromagnetic/Geometrical Parameter Extraction Technique for Multilayer Structures

Fully Blind Electromagnetic Characterization of Deep Sub-Wavelength (λ/100) Dielectric Slabs With Low Bandwidth Differential Transient Radar Technique at 10 GHz

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