Novel hydroxyapatite/niobium surface coating for endodontic dental implant

Abstract

Endodontic dental implants have been used for many years. Many materials have been advocated for use as endodontic implants but a few of them have shown biocompatibility and have been acceptable. The aim of this study was to design and produce a novel biomaterial by producing a new surface coating on metallic substrate in order to achieve two goals, namely, an improvement in the corrosion behaviour of metallic endodontic dental implant and the bone osteointegration simultaneously. Stainless steel (SS) 316L was used as the metallic substrate and a novel double layer hydroxyapatite/niobium (HA/Nb) composite coating was prepared on it. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were utilised to characterise the coating. Electrochemical tests were performed in physiological solutions in order to determine the corrosion behaviour of the coated and uncoated specimens. Two types of endodontic implants were used, including SS with and without novel HA/Nb coating, which were prepared and subsequently implanted in the mandibular canine of 22 cats after completion of root canal treatment and osseous preparation. After a healing period of 4 months, osteointegration evaluation and histopathological interpretation were carried out using SEM and optical microscopy. In vitro tests indicated that the novel HA/Nb composite coating could improve the corrosion resistance and therefore the biocompatibility of SS endodontic dental implant. The clinical evaluation results showed that the average bone osteointegration of coated implants was more than for uncoated implants. The histopathological results and bone tissue response to the coated endodontic dental implants were acceptable. It can be concluded that HA/Nb composite coated SS could be used as an endodontic dental implant material.

Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Sheep Hydroxyapatite (SHA)-Niobium Oxide Composites

“…Tamai et al and Fathi et al had reported that Nb oxide addition to HA could be used as an effective bone repair material [7,8]. Da Silva et al had used also Nb oxide for other various biomedical applications [8,9]. Fathi et al and Tamai et al had reported that Nb oxides were promoting the calcification process of human osteoblasts.…”

“…So far, in the literature there were not so much papers about addition of Nb oxide to HA structure or use as a biocompatible material. Tamai et al and Fathi et al had reported that Nb oxide addition to HA could be used as an effective bone repair material [7,8]. Da Silva et al had used also Nb oxide for other various biomedical applications [8,9].…”

Calcium Orthophosphates (CaPo ) and Dentistry

“…Additional examples of the endodontic applications of CaPO 4 comprise the following cases. They can be used as components of endodontic cements [394,517] or coatings for endodontic dental implants [403], as well as serve as a root end filling material [397,399] and as endodontic endosseous implants [395]. Since CaPO 4 do not cause inflammation [307], they could be used as a hard plug deep inside teeth [309].…”

“…However, as written in section 2, the vast majority of the publications on this subject deals with a treatment of the surrounding bones and, thus, they fall into a category of bone substitutes, which is another story. Nevertheless, the following directions of CaPO 4 application in oral and maxillofacial surgery can be outlined: coatings on various types of dental implants [330][331][332][333][334][335][336][337][338][339][340][341][342][343][344][345]403,[519][520][521][522][523][524] Orthodontics: According to the databases, the earliest publications on use of CaPO 4 in orthodontics appeared in 1989 [409][410][411]. Coatings of CaPO 4 (both HA [413] and α-TCP [295]) were successfully applied to titanium implants and the coated implants were found to be applicable as anchorage for short-term orthodontic treatment [413] and both types of coatings appeared to be effective stimulators of new bone formation [295].…”

Bioactivity Properties and Characterization of Commercial Synthetic Hydroxyapatite - 5 wt.% Niobium (V) Oxide - 5 wt.% Magnesium Oxide Composite

“…Tamai et al and Fathi et al have reported that niobium oxides were promoting the calcification process of human osteoblasts [8,9]. Demirkol et al have investigated the mechanical and microstructural properties of sheep hydroxyapatite -niobium oxide composites [10].…”