Novel Human Adenovirus Causing Nosocomial Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis

Abstract

In 2000, we encountered cases of nosocomial infections with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) at a university hospital in Kobe, in the western part of Japan. Two human adenovirus (HAdV) strains, Kobe-H and Kobe-S, were isolated from patients with nosocomial EKC infection. They were untypeable by existing neutralizing antisera; however, the isolate was neutralized with homologous antisera. We then encountered several cases of EKC due to nosocomial infections in eye clinics in different parts of Japan. A total of 80 HAdVs were isolated from patients with EKC at eight different hospitals. The partial hexon gene sequences of the isolates were determined and compared to those of the prototype strains of 51 serotypes. All isolates had identical partial hexon nucleotide sequences. Phylogenetic analysis classified these isolates into species of HAdV-D. The isolates showed 93.9 to 96.7% nucleotide identity with HAdV-D prototype strains, while all 32 HAdV-D prototype strains ranged from 93.2 to 99.2% identity. The sequences of the loop 2 and fiber knob regions from the representative strain, Kobe-H, were dissimilar in all prototype strains of 51 serotypes. We believe that this virus is a novel serotype of HAdV that causes EKC.

Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis Due to the Novel Hexon-Chimeric-Intermediate 22,37/H8 Human Adenovirus

“…Cluster D consists of 32 serotypes, HAdV-8 to -10, -13, -15, -17, -19, -20, -22 to -30, -32, -33, -36 to -39, -42 to -49, and -51, whose nucleotide identities range from 92.3% (between HAdV-8 and HAdV-28) to 99.7% (between HAdV-24 and HAdV-38, HAdV-25 and HAdV-38, and HAdV-32 and HAdV-38), with an average of 97.3%. Of the 58 cluster D sequences, 41 (70.7%) presented 99.7 to 100% nucleotide identity to the HAdV-37 prototype strain, 4 sequences presented 100% nucleotide identity to HAdV-19a, and 13 sequences presented 99.7 to 100% nucleotide identity to another recently identified HAdV (17). All HAdV DNAs from nosocomial infections in Tokyo presented 100% nucleotide identity to HAdV-37.…”

“…This method successfully classified the 51 prototype strains of HAdVs into the six designated species, as approved by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses; we have applied molecular diagnosis to identify hundreds of isolates or swabs obtained over the last 30 years from patients with EKC and lower respiratory tract infections from different parts of the world (5,6,18,22,28). Through such study, we found another novel HAdV from nosocomially infected patients with EKC (17).…”

Novel bat adenoviruses with an extremely large E3 gene

“…Common adenoviral diseases in humans include acute respiratory illness, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, acute haemorrhagic cystitis, hepatitis, myocarditis and gastroenteritis (Ghebremedhin, 2014;Ishiko et al, 2008;Jones et al, 2007;Liu et al, 2014;Ryan et al, 2002). In immunocompromised patients and transplant recipients, AdVs can be important causative agents of serious morbidity and mortality (Echavarría & Echavarria, 2008).…”

A Novel Complex Recombinant Form of Type 48-Related Human Adenovirus Species D Isolated in Japan

“…Except for a few types, such as HAdV-GT54, most of the new genotypes have been suggested to be originated from recombination between the types which were designated by serological typing criteria, i.e., HAdV-1 to 51, particularly in the penton base, hexon and fiber genes (2)(3)(4). It has also been speculated that recombinant viruses exhibiting similar phenotypes to their original viruses (e.g., in tropism and pathogenesis) would have been recognized as known types (3)(4)(5)(6). HAdV-GT53 is one of the most complex recombinant forms at least 4 original viruses were involved in the origin of the HAdV GT53 genome.…”