Novel highly selective fluorescent sensor based on electrosynthesized poly(9-fluorenecarboxylic acid) for efficient and practical detection of iron(III) and its agricultural application

Abstract

An efficient and practical conjugated polymer-based fluorescent sensor for the nanomolar detection of iron(III) in color rice samples has been successfully fabricated using an alcohol-soluble poly(9-fluorenecarboxylic acid) (PFCA), which was facilely electrosynthesized in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate. PFCA displayed high selectivity toward Fe 3+ over different substances existing in agricultural crops and their products, such as common metal ions, anions, natural amino acids, carbohydrates, and organic acids, even organs of crops. Fluorescent intensities of PFCA showed a linear response to Fe 3+ in the concentration range of 1 nM-0.782 mM with a detection limit of 0.611 nM. Fe 3+ was tested by PFCA in real samples with satisfactory results, suggesting that the PFCA-based fluorescent sensor will provide a good model for constructing an advanced and promising fluorescent sensing platform for the determination of Fe 3+ in agricultural samples. The sensing mechanism that Fe 3+ induced the significant aggregation of PFCA chains and led to a significant fluorescent quenching of PFCA was proposed.

One step electrosynthesis of conjugated polymers thin film for Fe3+ detection and its potential application

“…The anti-interference ability of the proposed PFCA-based thin film sensor was in accordance with that PFCA-based fluorescent sensor in solution phase. Meanwhile, very recently we have reported PFCA sensing application in ethanol and the relevant sensing mechanism has been addressed and discussed in detail [49]. This result reflected the fact that the PFCA thin film sensor could selectively sense Fe 3+ over the other biological species, which provide the prerequisite for the development and architecture of multi-functional sensing device.…”

“…Although there are lots of reports on fluorescent sensors based on liquid phases (solution phases) [38][39][40][41][42][43], so far few efficient fluorescent sensors have been reported solid-phases (thin-films) [44][45][46][47][48]. In our previous work, we fabricated fluorescent sensors based on solution phases and thin films [42,43,48,49]. In terms of practicality, thin-film sensors are more applicable than solution-phase sensors in recyclability, environment-friendly, and ease to make sensing device.…”

“…Solution-phase sensors are limited to the solubility of sensing materials. In addition, We have also studied poly(9-fluorenecarboxylic acid) (PFCA) fluorescent sensors based on solution phases, which displayed ultrahigh-selectivity towards Fe 3+ over different substances existing in agricultural crops and their products, such as common metal ions, anions, natural amino acids, carbohydrates, and organic acids, even organs of crops [49].…”

Evaluation of Micronutrient Sensors for Food Matrices in Resource‐Limited Settings: A Systematic Narrative Review

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Hyperbranched conjugated polymers containing 1,3-butadiene units: metal-free catalyzed synthesis and selective chemosensors for Fe3+ ions

“…40 Recently, uorescence sensors based on conjugated polymers for the detection of Fe 3+ have received much attention owing to their signal amplication properties. [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] This special macromolecular structure shows several advantages in Fe 3+ detection. First, the carboxylic ester group has been reported to act as chelating group for metal ions, especially for Fe 3+ ions.…”