Novel herbicide ionic liquids based on nicosulfuron with increased efficacy

Abstract

Nicosulfuron is widely used in agriculture because of its high selectivity, wide weeding spectrum, and excellent herbicide performance.

Iodosulfuron-Methyl-Based Herbicidal Ionic Liquids Comprising Alkyl Betainate Cation as Novel Active Ingredients with Reduced Environmental Impact and Excellent Efficacy

“… 45 In addition, the Cao research group recently revealed that in the case of HILs good lipophilicity could cause the active ingredients to easily penetrate the leaf surface, reaching the target tissues more quickly and exhibiting satisfactory herbicidal activity. 13 − 15 , 42 , 46 Therefore, in the process of designing novel environmentally friendly pesticides an assessment of their octanol–water partition coefficient is recommended, as a measure of not only their potential environmental impact but also their efficacy.…”

“… 18 In contrast, values of log K OW of HILs containing another sulfonylurea (nicosulfuron) were within a small range in spite of the presence of various short and long alkyl chains in the cation. 46 It is plausible that this phenomenon is caused by the extremely low amounts of sulfonylureas in spray solutions; hence, the transfer of these substances to the lipophilic phase is not as significant as in the case of herbicides that are usually applied at much greater doses (>100 g per hectare). Furthermore, it should be stressed that the values of log K OW for the majority of the synthesized ILs occurred between 0 and 3.…”

Third-generation ionic liquids with N-alkylated 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane cations and pelargonate anions

“…The rst herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs), which incorporated MCPA and 2,4-D, were reported in 2011 and their high herbicidal activity as well as the ability to regulate the toxicity of the herbicide by selecting an appropriate cation was highlighted. 8 To date, HILs with the following herbicides in the anion structure have been described in the literature: 2,4-DP, 12 MCPB, 13 MCPP, 14 dicamba, 15 fomesafen, 16 clopyralid, 17 bentazone, 18 glyphosate, 19,20 metsulfuron methyl, 21 nicosulfuron, 9 nonanoic acid 22 and picloram. 23 The low volatility, which is characteristic for HILs, allows limiting the negative health effects during the application of the product.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Double‐Salt Herbicidal Ionic Liquids Comprising both 4‐Chloro‐2‐methylphenoxyacetate and trans‐Cinnamate Anions

“…There are reports regarding the synthesis of HILs containing synthetic auxins as an anion source (e. g. 2,4‐D, MCPA, mecoprop‐P or dicamba) . Converting known herbicides into the form of HILs increases their biological activity, improves physicochemical parameters (thermal stability, volatility, water solubility, surface activity) and reduced negative effects on the environment . HILs, unlike commercial herbicides, are characterized by low volatility, which eliminates the risk of unintended contamination of other cultivated areas and minimizes the likelihood of damaging neighboring dicotyledonous crops .…”