Novel genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon bieneusi detected in plateau zokors (Myospalax baileyi) from the Tibetan Plateau

Hu, Bin; Wang, Jiamin; Zhang, Shuairan; Wang, Bo; Xing, Yanan; Han, Shuyi; He, Hongxuan

doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.11.002

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…As expected, genotype D from this study clustered with other known D genotype strains from various hosts (such as human, beaver, and zebra finch). In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the number of E. bieneusi genotypes detected from wildlife in China, and hitherto, at least 130 genotypes have been identified from a variety of wild hosts, most of which are emerging genotypes [ 8 , 9 , 17 , 25 , 27 – 29 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 38 , 39 ]. These records play an important role in exploring wild hosts of E. bieneusi worldwide, and the results of this study add to the growing genetic diversity and host range of E. bieneusi in wildlife.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in flying squirrels (Trogopterus xanthipes) from China

Liu,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Parasite

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Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an obligate intracellular microsporidian parasite with a worldwide distribution. As a zoonotic pathogen, E. bieneusi can infect a wide range of wildlife hosts through the fecal-oral route. Although the feces of flying squirrels (Trogopterus xanthipes) are considered a traditional Chinese medicine (as “faeces trogopterori”), no literature is available on E. bieneusi infection in flying squirrels to date. In this study, a total of 340 fresh flying squirrel fecal specimens from two captive populations were collected in Pingdingshan city, China, to detect the prevalence of E. bieneusi and assess their zoonotic potential. By nested PCR amplification of the ITS gene, six specimens tested positive, with positive samples from each farm, with an overall low infection rate of 1.8%. The ITS sequences revealed three genotypes, including known genotype D and two novel genotypes, HNFS01 and HNFS02. Genotype HNFS01 was the most prevalent (4/6, 66.7%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that all genotypes clustered into zoonotic Group 1, with the novel genotypes clustering into different subgroups. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. bieneusi infection in flying squirrels, suggesting that flying squirrels could act as a potential reservoir and zoonotic threat for E. bieneusi transmission to humans in China.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in flying squirrels (Trogopterus xanthipes) from China

Liu,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Parasite

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“…In earlier studies, phylogenetic analyses revealed the existence of 11 groups; genotypes in groups 1 and 2 were associated with potential zoonotic or cross-species infections [ 18 ]. Environmental and host isolation characteristics can lead to differences in the distribution of E. bieneusi genotypes [ 50 ]. In this study, phylogenetic analysis showed that three known genotypes and one novel genotype were clustered into group 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Diarrheic and Non-Diarrheic Calves from Ningxia, Northwestern China

Gao

Liang

et al. 2023

Animals

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Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are significant parasitic gastrointestinal pathogens with global distribution in humans and domestic animals, including calves. The main symptoms of calf infection are severe diarrhea, dehydration, growth retardation, and sometimes even death. To date, there has been limited information on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis, and E. bieneusi infections in calves in Ningxia, China, especially between diarrheic and non-diarrheic calves. A total of 438 fecal samples were collected from diarrheic (201) and non-diarrheic (237) calves in Ningxia. PCR and DNA sequencing were used to find the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. at 46.8% (205/438), G. duodenalis at 16.9% (74/438), and E. bieneusi at 10.0% (44/438). The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. infection in diarrheic and non-diarrheic calves was 54.0% (128/237) and 38.3% (77/201), respectively, and statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. infection and calf diarrhea (p < 0.01). However, in this study, there was no statistical correlation between the prevalence of G. duodenalis infection as well as E. bieneusi infection and calf diarrhea (p > 0.05). Furthermore, four known Cryptosporidium species were successfully identified by comparing them with SSU rRNA gene sequences, including C. parvum, C. bovis, C. ryanae, and C. andersoni. In addition, all 74 G. duodenalis-positive samples were identified as assemblage E by comparative analysis of bg gene sequences. Among the 44 E. bieneusi-positive samples sequenced in the present study, 4 distinct E. bieneusi genotypes were successfully identified by comparative analysis of ITS sequences, including 3 known genotypes (J, BEB4, and N) and 1 novel genotype, the latter of which was identified and designated as NX1. These findings indicated that the high genetic diversity and complex population structures of Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis, and E. bieneusi in Ningxia diarrhea calves and non-diarrhea calves, which provide new data for understanding the epidemiological status of Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis, and E. bieneusi in Ningxia calves.

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“…Despite this understanding, significant gaps exist concerning the incidence of Cryptosporidium infection in various nations and territories. For instance, in China, molecular studies on Cryptosporidium species in wild rodent species have been restricted to a small number of species [ 15 , 22 , 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-species transmission of Cryptosporidium in wild rodents from the southern region of Zhejiang Province of China and its possible impact on public health

Jiang,

Ren

et al. 2024

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Wild rodents serve as reservoirs for Cryptosporidium and are overpopulated globally. However, genetic data regarding Cryptosporidium in these animals from China are limited. Here, we have determined the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium among 370 wild rodents captured from three distinct locations in the southern region of Zhejiang Province, China. Fresh feces were collected from the rectum of each rodent, and DNA was extracted from them. The rodent species was identified by PCR amplifying the vertebrate cytochrome b gene. Cryptosporidium was detected by PCR amplification and amplicon sequencing the small subunit of ribosomal RNA gene. Positive samples of C. viatorum and C. parvum were further subtyped by analyzing the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene. A positive Cryptosporidium result was found in 7% (26/370) of samples, involving five rodent species: Apodemus agrarius (36), Niviventer niviventer (75), Rattus losea (18), R. norvegicus (155), and R. tanezumi (86). Their respective Cryptosporidium positive rates were 8.3%, 5.3%, 11.1%, 7.1%, and 7.0%. Sequence analysis confirmed the presence of three Cryptosporidium species: C. parvum (4), C. viatorum (1), and C. muris (1), and two genotypes: Cryptosporidium rat genotype IV (16) and C. mortiferum-like (4). Additionally, two subtypes of C. parvum (IIdA15G1 and IIpA19) and one subtype of C. viatorum (XVdA3) were detected. These results demonstrate that various wild rodent species in Zhejiang were concurrently infected with rodent-adapted and zoonotic species/genotypes of Cryptosporidium, indicating that these rodents can play a role in maintaining and dispersing this parasite into the environment and other hosts, including humans.

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Novel genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon bieneusi detected in plateau zokors (Myospalax baileyi) from the Tibetan Plateau

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

Occurrence and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in flying squirrels (Trogopterus xanthipes) from China

Occurrence and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in flying squirrels (Trogopterus xanthipes) from China

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Diarrheic and Non-Diarrheic Calves from Ningxia, Northwestern China

Cross-species transmission of Cryptosporidium in wild rodents from the southern region of Zhejiang Province of China and its possible impact on public health

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