Novel Genes Induced During an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Symbiosis Formed Between <i>Medicago truncatula</i> and <i>Glomus versiforme</i>

Ml, van Buuren; Maldonado-Mendoza, Ignacio E.; At, Trieu; La, Blaylock; Harrison, Mark

doi:10.1094/mpmi.1999.12.3.171

Cited by 79 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The eIF3c subunit from M. truncatula was identified in a screen for genes induced during symbiosis with a plant fungal agent (58). These observations suggest that the eIF3c mRNA and its translation are developmentally regulated or are altered in response to changes in the environment.…”

Section: Eif3 From Plants Resembles Mammalian Eif3mentioning

confidence: 96%

Plant Initiation Factor 3 Subunit Composition Resembles Mammalian Initiation Factor 3 and Has a Novel Subunit

Burks

Bezerra

Le³

et al. 2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) is a multisubunit complex that is required for binding of mRNA to 40 S ribosomal subunits, stabilization of ternary complex binding to 40 S subunits, and dissociation of 40 and 60 S subunits. These functions and the complex nature of eIF3 suggest multiple interactions with many components of the translational machinery. Recently, the subunits of mammalian and Saccharomyces cerevisiae eIF3 were identified, and substantial differences in the subunit composition of mammalian and S. cerevisiae were observed. Mammalian eIF3 consists of 11 nonidentical subunits, whereas S. cerevisiae eIF3 consists of up to eight nonidentical subunits. Only five of the subunits of mammalian and S. cerevisiae are shared in common, and these five subunits comprise a "core" complex in S. cerevisiae. eIF3 from wheat consists of at least 10 subunits, but their relationship to either the mammalian or S. cerevisiae eIF3 subunits is unknown. Peptide sequences derived from purified wheat eIF3 subunits were used to correlate each subunit with mammalian and/or S. cerevisiae subunits. The peptide sequences were also used to identify Arabidopsis thaliana cDNAs for each of the eIF3 subunits. We report seven new cDNAs for A. thaliana eIF3 subunits. A. thaliana eIF3 was purified and characterized to confirm that the subunit composition and activity of wheat and A. thaliana eIF3 were similar. We report that plant eIF3 closely resembles the subunit composition of mammalian eIF3, having 10 out of 11 subunits in common. Further, we find a novel subunit in the plant eIF3 complex not present in either mammalian or S. cerevisiae eIF3. These results suggest that plant and mammalian eIF3 evolved similarly, whereas S. cerevisiae has diverged. Eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3)1 is the most complex and least understood of the protein synthesis initiation factors. eIF3 has been purified from wheat germ (1-3), HeLa cells (4, 5), rabbit reticulocytes (6 -12), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (13)(14)(15)(16). Depending upon the organism and method of purification, there are 6 -11 nonidentical subunits present in functional eIF3 complexes that have been isolated and characterized. Recently, the subunits from the human and S. cerevisiae eIF3 complex have all been identified and sequenced. Surprisingly, there are substantial differences in the subunit composition between mammalian and S. cerevisiae eIF3 complexes. The mammalian eIF3 complex composition varies depending upon the method of purification (6, 7, 9 -12); however, the mammalian eIF3 complex appears to contain 11 subunits, p170 (17), p116 (18), p110 (19), p66 (20), p44 (21, 22), p48 (23), p47 (20), p40 (20), p36 (19), p35 (21) and p28.2 The S. cerevisiae eIF3 complex was determined to consist of a core complex of five subunits, Tif32p, Prt1p, Nip1p, Tif35p,24) that correspond to mammalian subunits p170, p116, p110, p44, and p36, respectively (see Table II). There are other proteins associated with the S. cerevisiae eIF3 complex, TIF31p (Clu1p; Ref. 25), GCD10p (15,26), eI...

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Section: Eif3 From Plants Resembles Mammalian Eif3mentioning

confidence: 96%

Plant Initiation Factor 3 Subunit Composition Resembles Mammalian Initiation Factor 3 and Has a Novel Subunit

Burks

Bezerra

Le³

et al. 2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Scheres et al (1990) reported that Enod 5, a gene encoding an AGP-like protein, was induced during nodule development in the Rhizobium spp.-legume symbiosis. van Buuren et al (1999) identified and characterized plant cDNAs representing genes induced in the mycorrhizal symbiosis in Medicago truncatula including one encoding a putative AGP. Furthermore, in situ hybridization revealed that the expression of this AGP was specifically restricted to the cortical cells containing arbuscules.…”

Section: For This Reason and To Distinguish Them From The Classical Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Border-Like Cells of Arabidopsis. Microscopical Characterization and Role in the Interaction with Rhizobacteria

et al. 2005

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Plant roots of many species produce thousands of cells that are released daily into the rhizosphere. These cells are commonly termed border cells because of their major role in constituting a biotic boundary layer between the root surface and the soil. In this study, we investigated the occurrence and ultrastructure of such cells in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) using light and electron microscopy coupled to high-pressure freezing. The secretion of cell wall molecules including pectic polysaccharides and arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) was examined also using immunofluorescence microscopy and a set of anticarbohydrate antibodies. We show that root tips of Arabidopsis seedlings released cell layers in an organized pattern that differs from the rather randomly dispersed release observed in other plant species studied to date. Therefore, we termed such cells border-like cells (BLC). Electron microscopical results revealed that BLC are rich in mitochondria, Golgi stacks, and Golgi-derived vesicles, suggesting that these cells are actively engaged in secretion of materials to their cell walls. Immunocytochemical data demonstrated that pectins as well as AGPs are among secreted material as revealed by the high level of expression of AGPepitopes. In particular, the JIM13-AGP epitope was found exclusively associated with BLC and peripheral cells in the root cap region. In addition, we investigated the function of BLC and root cap cell AGPs in the interaction with rhizobacteria using AGP-disrupting agents and a strain of Rhizobium sp. expressing a green fluorescent protein. Our findings demonstrate that alteration of AGPs significantly inhibits the attachment of the bacteria to the surface of BLC and root tip.Many plants can produce large numbers of metabolically active root ''border'' cells that are programmed to separate from each other and to be released from the root tip periphery into the external environment (Brigham et al., 1995a;Hawes et al., 1998). Root border cells are defined as cells that are released into solution within seconds when root tips are placed into water (Hawes et al., 2000(Hawes et al., , 2003. In the absence of free water, these cells remain adherent to the root tips. The border cells of most species remain viable even after separation from the root tips (Hawes et al., 2000) and can survive independently from roots in vitro as well as in natural field conditions. Interestingly, border cells can undergo cell division in vitro and develop into callus tissue (Hawes and Lin, 1990).As to the role of the border cells, Brigham et al. (1995b) have proposed that these cells are differentiated tissue of the root system that modulates the environment of the plant root by producing specific substances to be released into the rhizosphere. Proteins synthesized in border cells exhibit profiles that are distinct, qualitatively and quantitatively, from those synthesized in the root tips (Brigham et al., 1995b). These important differences in protein expression profiles are correlated with similarly distinct...

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“…Some of the affected genes have a function in nutrient transport [26], whereas others might be involved in the reorganization of the cytoskeleton [45] or in cell wall modification [46]. Several induced genes, among them genes coding for phosphate transporters and for putative cell wall remodelling proteins, are expressed exclusively or primarily in the cells that contain arbuscules [31,32,39, [47][48][49][50].…”

Section: Reprogramming Of Gene Expression During Am Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programming good relations — development of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Reinhardt

2007

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

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Programming good relations -development of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis Didier ReinhardtThe majority of plants live in symbiotic associations with fungi or bacteria that improve their nutrition. Critical steps in a symbiosis are mutual recognition and subsequently the establishment of an intimate association, which involves the penetration of plant tissues and, in many cases, the invasion of individual host cells by the microbial symbiont. Recent advances revealed that in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis with soil fungi of the order Glomeromycota, plant-derived signals attract fungal hyphae and stimulate their growth. Upon physical attachment of the fungal symbiont to the root surface, an active plant developmental program prepares the epidermal cells for penetration by the fungus. Thus, plants actively help symbiotic fungi to colonize their roots rather than just tolerating them.

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Novel Genes Induced During an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Symbiosis Formed Between Medicago truncatula and Glomus versiforme

Cited by 79 publications

References 69 publications

Plant Initiation Factor 3 Subunit Composition Resembles Mammalian Initiation Factor 3 and Has a Novel Subunit

Plant Initiation Factor 3 Subunit Composition Resembles Mammalian Initiation Factor 3 and Has a Novel Subunit

Root Border-Like Cells of Arabidopsis. Microscopical Characterization and Role in the Interaction with Rhizobacteria

Programming good relations — development of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

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