Novel functionalized fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles for immobilization of biomolecules

Abstract

Novel, size controlled fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles (FPNP) were synthesized having acetoacetoxy functionality on the surface for immobilization of biomolecules which can be utilized as biomarkers and labels in fluoroimmunoassays. Core-shell nanoparticles of poly(styrene, St-methyl methacrylate, MMA-acetoacetoxy ethyl methacrylate, AAEM), stabilized by various concentrations of surfactant, sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), were obtained by facile miniemulsion co-polymerization encapsulated with pyrene molecules in their hydrophobic core. Analytical, spectroscopic and imaging characterization techniques revealed the formation of stable, monodisperse, spherical nano sized particles exhibiting high luminescence properties. Particles with 1% SLS (S1) showed good dispersion stability and fluorescence intensity and were chosen as ideal candidates for further immobilization studies. Steady state fluorescence studies showed 10 times higher fluorescence intensity of S1 nanoparticles than that of pyrene solution in solvent-toluene at the same concentration. Environmental factors such as pH, ionic strength and time were found to have no effect on fluorescence intensity of FPNPs. Surface β-di-ketone groups were utilized for the covalent immobilization of enzyme conjugated antibodies without any activation or pre-treatment of nanoparticles.

In Situ Encapsulation of Nile Red or Doxorubicin during RAFT‐Mediated Emulsion Polymerization via Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly for Biomedical Applications

“…One significant advantage with PISA is that NPs are formed in a reproducible manner, which can be a severe challenge for many other NPs platforms obtained by chemical‐ and/or assembling procedures 16. Further advantages are that various chemical functionalities11 and NP morphologies12,17,18 can be obtained by adjusting the solids content18,19 with no need for stabilizers or surfactants, as the NPs can be efficiently stabilized by the hydrophilic shell 20. RAFT combined with PISA can be utilized to produce stable NPs as nanocarriers for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and bioimaging 17,21–26.…”

“…[16] Further advantages are that various chemical functionalities [11] and NP morphologies [12,17,18] can be obtained by adjusting the solids content [18,19] with no need for stabilizers or surfactants, as the NPs can be efficiently stabilized by the hydrophilic shell. [20] RAFT combined with PISA can be utilized to produce stable NPs as nanocarriers for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and bioimaging. [17,[21][22][23][24][25][26] A pioneering example was presented by Davis and co-workers [24] demonstrating one-pot in situ encapsulation of NR using PISA, in a dispersion polymerization using methanol as solvent.…”

Fluorescent Porous Carbazole‐Decorated Copolymer Monodisperse Microspheres: Facile synthesis, Selective and Recyclable Detection of Iron (III) in Aqueous Medium

“…Depending on the synthetic procedures,m orphology,a nd contained functionalities, polymer microspheres can be widely appliedt oo ptical displays, [27] bioimaging, [13,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] drug carriers, [13,[28][29][30] adsorption materials, [36] and sensors. [13,[37][38][39][40][41] Notably, carbazole-based polymer microspheres have emergeda s promising matrices for photoelectric devicesa nd sensors.S everal polymerization approaches, including emulsion, dispersion, and suspension polymerization are availablef or the prepara-tion of polymer microspheres.…”

“…Depending on the synthetic procedures, morphology, and contained functionalities, polymer microspheres can be widely applied to optical displays, bioimaging, drug carriers, adsorption materials, and sensors . Notably, carbazole‐based polymer microspheres have emerged as promising matrices for photoelectric devices and sensors.…”

Covalent immobilization of Candida antarctica lipase B on nanopolystyrene and its application to microwave-assisted esterification

“…In the last decade, nanomaterials such as nanofibers, nanotubes, and nanoparticles have been recognized as potential supports for the development of nanobiocatalytic systems [14][15][16]. Interest is increasing in the use of polymeric nanoparticles as solid supports because of their very large surface areas, as well as good mechanical and physical properties for enzyme immobilization [17,18]. FNAB activated nanopolystyrene prepared by nanoprecipitation might be an economical and potential candidate for the covalent immobilization of CalB.…”