“…Covalently bound to a biodegradable nanoparticle that is unable to access the interior of the cell, a thyroid hormone derivative, tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), acts exclusively at a receptor site on integrin v3 to block actions of L-thyroxine (T 4 ) and 3, 5, 3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T 3 ) on new blood vessel formation and cancer cell division ; However, nanoparticulate tetrac (nanotetrac) and, to a lesser extent, unmodified tetrac have a panel of cancer-relevant actions in the absence of T 4 and T 3 Davis et al, 2011). These actions include modulation of tumor cell chemosensitivity (Rebbaa, A., et al, 2008), disordering of crosstalk between the integrin and nearby receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) Luidens et al, 2010) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) (Lin et al, 1999;Shih et al, 2004), and antagonism of components of the inflammatory process that may be important to cancer cell biology. This review is focused on these lesser known actions of thyroid hormone analogues at integrin v3 beyond effects on cancer cell proliferation/apoptosis and angiogenesis.…”