Novel Frequency-Reconfigurable Antennas with Ring Resonators and RF Switches: Enhancing Versatility and Adaptability in Wireless Communication Systems

Abstract

This study introduces innovative designs for frequency-reconfigurable antennas that utilize ring resonators combined with either PIN diodes or RF switches. These designs enhance the versatility, adaptability, and overall performance of the antennas in wireless communication systems. By controlling the switches and ring resonator, the antenna’s resonant frequencies and bandwidths can be adjusted, allowing for compatibility with various communication standards and frequency ranges. The proposed antenna exhibits four distinct operational states, each characterized by different resonance frequencies and operating frequency bands. Return loss, radiation pattern, radiation efficiency, and surface current distribution are analyzed for each state. State-1 (ON-ON) and State-2 (OFF-ON), which are characterized by resonance frequencies of 2.4 GHz and 3.33 GHz respectively, offer ranges suitable for Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ISM, and IoT applications. State-3 (ON-OFF), with a resonance frequency of 3.0 GHz and bandwidth spanning from 2.59 GHz to 3.643 GHz, complies with Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi 6, and IoT requirements. State-4 (OFF-OFF) covers the band centered around 3.45 GHz. It is compatible with many applications such as 5G mid-band, Wi-Fi 6E, IoT, and cellular systems. The proposed antenna designs are versatile and compact since the overall antenna dimensions are 25 × 18 × 1.6 mm3. The radiation efficiency of the antenna configuration varies depending on operational states. By utilizing the advantages of both ring resonators and RF switches, the proposed antenna configurations offer new solutions that enhance their performance in wireless communication systems. This study compares the effects of using PIN diodes and SPDT switches on the performance of antennas and also examines the DC biasing effect on antenna characteristics. The simulation results are validated by the experimental analysis. The proposed antenna designs offer a new approach for wireless communication systems by using both ring resonators and RF switches.

SRR inspired inversion symmetry-shaped left-handed metamaterial with a high effective medium ratio for ASR and WLAN applications

“…The oval square-shaped metamaterial with a size of 9 mm by 9 mm achieved an EMR of 6.03 for satellite and radar applications [ 43 ]. Other studies [ 45 , 46 ] that focused on the S-band yielded EMR values of 12.5 and 5 according to their structure size of 10 × 10 mm 2 and 24 × 18 mm 2 , respectively. Comparatively, the proposed ASR and WLAN-based metamaterial unit cell with 8 × 8 mm2 dimensions exceeded the EMR by over 13.4.…”

“…The achieved EMR of this metamaterial design was 12.5. In 2023, Gençoğlan et al [ 45 ] published their work on wireless communication systems. The developed metamaterial structure with FR-4 substrate worked under the S-band with 2.4 GHz and 3.33 GHz resonances.…”