Novel expression patterns of carotenoid pathway-related genes in citrus leaves and maturing fruits

Xü, Wei; Chen, Chunxian; Yu, Qibin; Gady, Antoine; Yuan, Yu; Liang, Guolu; Gmitter, Frederick G.

doi:10.1007/s11295-013-0688-7

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Gene expression data were normalized using four reference genes ( EF1 , F‐box , GAPDH , and SAND ). These genes showed high stability and were used for transcript normalization in different citrus organs under biotic stress (Mafra et al., ; Wei et al., ,b). The normalizing expression levels using the four reference genes were very similar to each other.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extracted pigments were resuspended in 200 μl ethyl acetate and analyzed immediately by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as described previously by Wei et al. (,b). The HPLC system consisted of an Agilent 1200 system with photodiode array detector (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 2 −ΔΔCT method was used to determine the relative expression of genes (Livak & Schmittgen, ). Elongation factor 1‐alpha ( EF1 ), F‐box/kelch‐repeat protein ( F‐box ), glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase GAPC1, cytosolic ( GAPC1 , also known as GAPDH ), and SAND family protein ( SAND ) were used as endogenous genes (reference genes) to normalize the data of gene expression (Mafra et al., ; Wei et al., ,b).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of δ‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase silencing on the primary and secondary metabolisms of citrus

et al. 2018

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δ‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) is an important enzyme in tetrapyrrole synthesis. ALAD combines two δ‐aminolevulinic acid (δ‐ALA) molecules to form the pyrrole molecule, porphobilinogen, an important precursor for plant pigments involved in photosynthesis, respiration, and nutrient uptake. In this study, we investigated the effects of silencing of ALAD gene on citrus leaf pigments and metabolites. The ALAD enzyme was inhibited using virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology using citrus tristeza virus (CTV). δ‐ALA accumulated in citrus plants inoculated with the recombinant virus (CTV‐tALAD) to silence ALAD and resulted in discrete yellow spots (yellow islands) and necrosis in leaves and stems. The levels of chlorophylls, starch, sucrose, trans‐ and cis‐violaxanthin, and α‐ and β‐cryptoxanthin were reduced in CTV‐tALAD plants, whereas zeaxanthin was increased. The increase in zeaxanthin and the decrease in its precursors indicated that the reduction in chlorophylls resulted in light damage. Salicylic acid and jasmonic acid levels, as well as emission of (E)‐α‐bergamotene and (E)‐β‐farnesene, increased in CTV‐tALAD plants indicating these plants were under stress. Our results showed that silencing of ALAD induces stress in plants and that VIGS using mild CTV strains is a promising technique to study biological function of citrus genes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of δ‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase silencing on the primary and secondary metabolisms of citrus

et al. 2018

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“…The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of phytoene synthase (PSY), phytoene desaturase (PDS), ζ-carotene desaturase (ZDS), β-ring hydroxylase (CHYB) increased in flavedo and juice sacs during the massive accumulation of chromoplast-specific carotenoids [43,48]. The copy numbers and allele polymorphisms of carotenoid biosynthesis genes appear to be related to the variability of carotenoid content and composition among citrus cultivars and species [46,48,[50][51][52]. Moreover, citrus apparently possesses more and diverse carotenoid biosynthesis gene members, ranging from 2 to 14, compared to other plants [50], which might be relevant to the fact that citrus contain much more diverse types of carotenoids than any other fruits [53].…”

Section: Carotenoid Biosynthesis Genomics In Citrus Fruitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigments in Citrus

Chen

Piero

GmitterJr.

2015

Pigments in Fruits and Vegetables

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“…All of these pigments are present in varying ratios in the fruit peel and exert significant effects on peel coloration. For instance, changes in the compositional ratio of chlorophylls and carotenoids can promote color changes from green to yellow for the fruit peels of 'Le Lectier' pear [Pyrus communis (Charoenchongsuk et al, 2015)], mango [Mangifera indica (Rungpichayapichet et al, 2015)], and 'Valencia' sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (Wei et al, 2014)]. The peels of some other fruit contain a considerable amount of anthocyanins and, thus, appear red or purple when ripening; such fruits include apple [Malus sylvestris var.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Pigment Composition and Peel Color for the Fruit of Chinese Flame Tree

Wang¹,

Zhang²,

Dong³

et al. 2018

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Chinese flame tree (Koelreuteria bipinnata var. integrifoliola), a common ornamental tree in southern China, exhibits a variety of fruit colors among individual plants within the same cultivated field. In this study, 44 plants with different fruit colors were selected to investigate the impact of pigment composition on the coloration of fruit peels. The plants were divided into three groups based on the color phenotype of the fruit peel: red, pink, and green. The values of lightness (L*) were negatively correlated with redness (a*) and positively correlated with yellowness (b*). The correlations of chroma (C*) with the other color parameters differed among the three groups. In the pooled pink and red groups, C* was negatively correlated with both L* and b* and positively correlated with a*, whereas the opposite relationships were found in the green group. According to the pigment analysis, anthocyanins, chlorophylls, and carotenoids were detected in the fruit peels. Anthocyanins were found to be the main pigment responsible for the differences in fruit color among the various groups. The highest anthocyanin content of fruit peel was found in the red group, followed by the pink group; the lowest anthocyanin levels appeared in the green group. The major anthocyanin component in the fruit peels was identified as cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside. By classifying fruit peel color and determining pigment composition, this study provides a theoretical basis for further researching genetic control and regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes on pigment accumulation and peel coloration of chinese flame tree.

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Novel expression patterns of carotenoid pathway-related genes in citrus leaves and maturing fruits

Cited by 35 publications

References 44 publications

Effects of δ‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase silencing on the primary and secondary metabolisms of citrus

Effects of δ‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase silencing on the primary and secondary metabolisms of citrus

Pigments in Citrus

Relationship between Pigment Composition and Peel Color for the Fruit of Chinese Flame Tree

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