Novel Epibiotic
            <i>Thiothrix</i>
            Bacterium on a Marine Amphipod

Gillan, David; Dubilier, Nicole

doi:10.1128/aem.70.6.3772-3775.2004

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Whereas the ectosymbionts of the shrimp Rimicaris exoculata (46) and of the polychaete Alvinella pompejana (13) are Epsilonproteobacteria, the majority of chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing ecto-or endosymbiotic bacteria belong to the Gammaproteobacteria. All treeing methods applied to our data set support four monophyletic groups comprising thiotrophic symbionts within a cluster of Gammaproteobacteria, in addition to the monophyletic group containing the Zoothamnium niveum ectosymbiont: (i) the endosymbionts of two bivalve families, Vesicomyidae and Mytilidae, cluster together as established previously (17) (27). The exact branching order between these groups of thiotrophic Gammaproteobacteria could not be resolved by comparing the results of the different treeing methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“CandidatusThiobios zoothamnicoli,” an Ectosymbiotic Bacterium Covering the Giant Marine CiliateZoothamnium niveum

Schmitz‐Esser

Stoecker

Nussbaumer

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

104

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Zoothamnium niveum is a giant, colonial marine ciliate from sulfide-rich habitats obligatorily covered with chemoautotrophic, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria which appear as coccoid rods and rods with a series of intermediate shapes. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that the ectosymbiont of Z. niveum belongs to only one pleomorphic phylotype. The Z. niveum ectosymbiont is only moderately related to previously identified groups of thiotrophic symbionts within the Gammaproteobacteria, and shows highest 16S rRNA sequence similarity with the free-living sulfur-oxidizing bacterial strain ODIII6 from shallowwater hydrothermal vents of the Mediterranean Sea (94.5%) and an endosymbiont from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent gastropod of the Indian Ocean Ridge (93.1%). A replacement of this specific ectosymbiont by a variety of other bacteria was observed only for senescent basal parts of the host colonies. The taxonomic status "Candidatus Thiobios zoothamnicoli" is proposed for the ectosymbiont of Z. niveum based on its ultrastructure, its 16S rRNA gene, the intergenic spacer region, and its partial 23S rRNA gene sequence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“CandidatusThiobios zoothamnicoli,” an Ectosymbiotic Bacterium Covering the Giant Marine CiliateZoothamnium niveum

Schmitz‐Esser

Stoecker

Nussbaumer

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

104

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“…A novel uncultured Thiothrix strain was also found to be endogenous to the marine crustacean Urothoe poseidonis (Gillan and Dubilier 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiome of North Sea copepods

et al. 2013

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Copepods can be associated with different kinds and different numbers of bacteria. This was already shown in the past with culture-dependent microbial methods or microscopy and more recently by using molecular tools. In our present study, we investigated the bacterial community of four frequently occurring copepod species, Acartia sp., Temora longicornis, Centropages sp. and Calanus helgolandicus from Helgoland Roads (North Sea) over a period of 2 years using DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and subsequent sequencing of 16S-rDNA fragments. To complement the PCR-DGGE analyses, clone libraries of copepod samples from June 2007 to 208 were generated. Based on the DGGE banding patterns of the two years survey, we found no significant differences between the communities of distinct copepod species, nor did we find any seasonality. Overall, we identified 67 phylotypes ([97 % similarity) falling into the bacterial phyla of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The most abundant phylotypes were affiliated to the Alphaproteobacteria. In comparison with PCR-DGGE and clone libraries, phylotypes of the Gammaproteobacteria dominated the clone libraries, whereas Alphaproteobacteria were most abundant in the PCR-DGGE analyses.

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“…Among the Crustacea, chemosynthetic epibioses are reported in only a few hydrothermal decapods: the shrimp Rimicaris exoculata (Segonzac et al, 1993), the galatheid crabs Kiwa hirsuta (Macpherson et al, 2005;Goffredi et al, 2008), Kiwa puravida (Thurber et al, 2011), and Shinkaia crosnieri (Miyake et al, 2007), and two amphipods from littoral sediments (Gillan and Dubilier, 2004; and sulphide-rich caves (Dattagupta et al, 2009). Most of these associations are regarded as nutritional ectosymbioses, but to date, there is little direct evidence of bacterial autotrophy and no direct demonstration of mutualistic nutritional bacteriahost interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic carbon fixation by chemosynthetic ectosymbionts and nutritional transfers to the hydrothermal vent host-shrimp Rimicaris exoculata

et al. 2012

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The shrimp Rimicaris exoculata dominates several hydrothermal vent ecosystems of the MidAtlantic Ridge and is thought to be a primary consumer harbouring a chemoautotrophic bacterial community in its gill chamber. The aim of the present study was to test current hypotheses concerning the epibiont's chemoautotrophy, and the mutualistic character of this association. Invivo experiments were carried out in a pressurised aquarium with isotope-labelled inorganic carbon (NaH 13 CO 3 and NaH 14 CO 3 ) in the presence of two different electron donors (Na 2 S 2 O 3 and Fe 2 þ ) and with radiolabelled organic compounds ( 14 C-acetate and 3 H-lysine) chosen as potential bacterial substrates and/or metabolic by-products in experiments mimicking transfer of small biomolecules from epibionts to host. The bacterial epibionts were found to assimilate inorganic carbon by chemoautotrophy, but many of them (thick filaments of epsilonproteobacteria) appeared versatile and able to switch between electron donors, including organic compounds (heterotrophic acetate and lysine uptake). At least some of them (thin filamentous gammaproteobacteria) also seem capable of internal energy storage that could supply chemosynthetic metabolism for hours under conditions of electron donor deprivation. As direct nutritional transfer from bacteria to host was detected, the association appears as true mutualism. Import of soluble bacterial products occurs by permeation across the gill chamber integument, rather than via the digestive tract. This first demonstration of such capabilities in a decapod crustacean supports the previously discarded hypothesis of transtegumental absorption of dissolved organic matter or carbon as a common nutritional pathway.

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Novel Epibiotic Thiothrix Bacterium on a Marine Amphipod

Cited by 34 publications

References 28 publications

“CandidatusThiobios zoothamnicoli,” an Ectosymbiotic Bacterium Covering the Giant Marine CiliateZoothamnium niveum

“CandidatusThiobios zoothamnicoli,” an Ectosymbiotic Bacterium Covering the Giant Marine CiliateZoothamnium niveum

The microbiome of North Sea copepods

Inorganic carbon fixation by chemosynthetic ectosymbionts and nutritional transfers to the hydrothermal vent host-shrimp Rimicaris exoculata

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