Novel electrical switching behaviour and logic in carbon nanotube Y-junctions

Bandaru, Prabhakar R.; Daraio, Chiara; Jin, Sung‐Ho; Rao, Apparao M.

doi:10.1038/nmat1450

Cited by 224 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…While operation up to 100 kHz is possible, the upper limit seems to be set by the nanotube capacitance related to the details of the Y-CNT structure. This switching is of a different form than the one observed in a previous experiment 15 where the simultaneous presence of an ac voltage on the source-drain channel and a dc voltage on the control/gate terminal resulted in an abrupt turn off, possibly due to defect mediated negative capacitance effects. 21 From the Y-CNT electrical characteristics it is seen that the mode of operation of the device is quite different from that of a conventional FET and more akin to a Schottkybarrier-type FET.…”

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confidence: 52%

“…It is plausible that remarkable features of Y-junction based transistors such as the abrupt switching 15 and differential gain 19 observed in earlier studies could be related to the presence and location of defects. In situ engineering of CNT morphology, e.g., exposure to intense electron-beam radiation 13 could also be utilized to tailor individual Y-CNT characteristics.…”

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confidence: 90%

“…13 In addition to the nanometer size of these devices, there is also the additional feature of having a selfcontained gate, i.e., in a switching device, the gate does not have to be separately fabricated but forms a part of the structure. In earlier experiments, rectification, 14 switching, and logic gates 15 were demonstrated in Y-shaped CNTs. An abrupt switching action through two branches of the Y junction, when a control/gating dc voltage was applied to the third terminal was seen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Three-way electrical gating characteristics of metallic Y-junction carbon nanotubes

Park

Daraio

Jin

et al. 2006

Applied Physics Letters

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Y-junction based carbon nanotube ͑CNT͒ transistors exhibit interesting switching behaviors, and have the structural advantage that the electrical gate for current modulation can be formed by any of the three constituent branches. In this letter, we report on the gating characteristics of metallic Y-CNT morphologies. By measuring the output conductance and transconductance we conclude that the efficiency and gain depend on the branch diameter and is electric field controlled. Based on these principles, we propose a design for a Y-junction based CNT switching device, with tunable electrical properties. © 2006 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.2213013͔ While conventional silicon microfabrication technology encounters barriers to further development due to difficulties in miniaturization and increased cost, carbon nanotubes ͑CNTs͒ show promise for a molecular electronics 1,2 based technology. CNTs ͓both single walled nanotubes ͑SWNTs͒ and multiwalled nanotubes ͑MWNTs͔͒ can be synthesized to be either semiconducting or metallic. 3 Consequently, they can be used in a wide variety of electronics including diodes, transistors, and high frequency devices. 4 The ultimate aim is an integrated nanoelectronics system, with the advantages of reduced power consumption, radiation hardness, and faster speeds of operation, which incorporates CNTs as both active devices and interconnects. The electrical and thermal conductivity 5 properties of both SWNTs ͑Ref. 6͒ and MWNTs ͑Ref. 7͒ have been well explored. While clean SWNTs ͑diameter ϳ1 nm͒ can be described as quantum wires due to the ballistic nature of electron transport, 8 the transport in MWNTs ͑diameter in the range of 2 -100 nm͒ is found to be diffusive/quasiballistic. 7 On this basis, Coulomb blockade 9 and field effect 10 phenomena have been used for demonstrating nanotube based transistors. While extremely important in elucidating fundamental properties, the above experiments have used external electrodes made through conventional lithographic processes to contact the nanotubes and do not truly represent nanoelectronic circuits. Additionally, the well known metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor ͑MOSFET͒ architecture is used, where the nanotube serves as the channel between the electrodes ͑source and drain͒, and a SiO 2 / Si based gate modulates the channel conductance. In other demonstrations of electrical switching, cumbersome atomic force microscope ͑AFM͒ manipulations 11 of nanotube properties have been utilized.It would, therefore, be very attractive to propose different types of electronic elements and paradigms of switching, to harness functionalities peculiar to CNT forms 12 such as Y and T junctions. 13 In addition to the nanometer size of these devices, there is also the additional feature of having a selfcontained gate, i.e., in a switching device, the gate does not have to be separately fabricated but forms a part of the structure. In earlier experiments, rectification, 14 switching, and logic gates 15 were demonstrated in Y-shaped CNTs...

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confidence: 97%

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Three-way electrical gating characteristics of metallic Y-junction carbon nanotubes

Park

Daraio

Jin

et al. 2006

Applied Physics Letters

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“…For example, electron 11,[19][20][21] and ion 11 irradiation as well as electrical current sources [23][24][25][26][27] have been used to modify the structure and morphology of nanocarbons. However, these rearrangement studies were carried out only for local changes of junctions in a few individual nanotubes [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]25 and by the destruction of carbon layers on electrical breakdown 23,26,27 . Furthermore, the reported reconstruction methods require high to extremely high temperature (750-2,200°C) conditions 20,22,28 , making them power-intensive, and incompatible with various scalable processes.…”

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Sculpting carbon bonds for allotropic transformation through solid-state re-engineering of –sp2 carbon

et al. 2014

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Carbon forms one of nature's strongest chemical bonds; its allotropes having provided some of the most exciting scientific discoveries in recent times. The possibility of inter-allotropic transformations/hybridization of carbon is hence a topic of immense fundamental and technological interest. Such modifications usually require extreme conditions (high temperature, pressure and/or high-energy irradiations), and are usually not well controlled. Here we demonstrate inter-allotropic transformations/hybridizations of specific types that appear uniformly across large-area carbon networks, using moderate alternating voltage pulses. By controlling the pulse magnitude, small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes can be transformed predominantly into larger-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes of different morphologies, multi-layered graphene nanoribbons or structures with sp 3 bonds. This re-engineering of carbon bonds evolves via a coalescence-induced reconfiguration of sp 2 hybridization, terminates with negligible introduction of defects and demonstrates remarkable reproducibility. This reflects a potential step forward for large-scale engineering of nanocarbon allotropes and their junctions.

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“…quasi-ballistic [42]. CNTs, due to their electronic nature, can be used in transistors and other switching applications in advanced electronics [43]. The most recent application of nanotubes was as an emitter.…”

Section: Arc-discharge Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotubes-properties and applications: a review

Ibrahim¹

2013

Carbon letters

362

122

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The carbon nanotube (CNT) represents one of the most unique inventions in the field of nanotechnology. CNTs have been studied closely over the last two decades by many researchers around the world due to their great potential in different fields. CNTs are rolled graphene with SP 2 hybridization. The important aspects of CNTs are their light weight, small size with a high aspect ratio, good tensile strength, and good conducting characteristics, which make them useful as fillers in different materials such as polymers, metallic surfaces and ceramics. CNTs also have potential applications in the field of nanotechnology, nanomedicine, transistors, actuators, sensors, membranes, and capacitors. There are various techniques which can be used for the synthesis of CNTs. These include the arc-discharge method, chemical vaporize deposition (CVD), the laser ablation method, and the sol gel method. CNTs can be single-walled, double-walled and multi-walled. CNTs have unique mechanical, electrical and optical properties, all of which have been extensively studied. The present review is focused on the synthesis, functionalization, properties and applications of CNTs. The toxic effect of CNTs is also presented in a summarized form.

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Novel electrical switching behaviour and logic in carbon nanotube Y-junctions

Cited by 224 publications

References 29 publications

Three-way electrical gating characteristics of metallic Y-junction carbon nanotubes

Three-way electrical gating characteristics of metallic Y-junction carbon nanotubes

Sculpting carbon bonds for allotropic transformation through solid-state re-engineering of –sp2 carbon

Carbon nanotubes-properties and applications: a review

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