Novel drugs of abuse and bioanalytical strategies in Forensic Toxicology: metabolomics, analysis in blood, urine or DBS and human performance and post mortem cases

Campos, Eduardo Geraldo de

doi:10.11606/t.59.2020.tde-11052020-141017

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Synthetic cathinones are a class of NPS with high interest for forensic toxicologists and chemists, clinicians and public safety and health, and other professionals (Schifano et al, 2020), which have become more popular as recreation drugs since the beginning of the 2000s (Krotulski et al, 2018). At a high level, these substances are derived from the alkaloid cathinone which is naturally present in the plant Catha edulis (Baumann et al, 2018; de Campos, 2020; La Maida et al, 2021; Logan et al, 2017). Synthetic cathinones are phenylalkylamines (or beta‐keto phenethylamines) possessing a phenyl ring bonded to an aminoalkyl side chain containing a beta‐carbonyl group (Prosser & Nelson, 2012) and can be seen as beta‐keto derivatives of amphetamine (Baumann et al, 2018; Schifano et al, 2020) (Figure 1).…”

Section: Synthetic Cathinonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, synthetic cathinones exhibit stimulant properties, similar to those induced by 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and other amphetamine‐like drugs (de Campos, 2020; La Maida et al, 2021; Prosser & Nelson, 2012). However, structural modifications of these substances, with the introduction of different substituents (such as alkyl groups and halogens), induce variations in the pharmacological potency of these drugs (La Maida et al, 2021), in part due to size and lipophilicity.…”

Section: Synthetic Cathinonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pharmacology of cathinones is mainly associated with the interaction with monoamine (dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine) transporters in the brain (Baumann et al, 2018; Logan et al, 2017). The main effects associated with the use of synthetic cathinones are cardiac and neurological signs and symptoms, including euphoria, tachycardia, motor excitation, and increased blood pressure (de Campos, 2020; Logan et al, 2017; Prosser & Nelson, 2012).…”

Section: Synthetic Cathinonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Synthetic cathinones are usually found in seized drug materials such as powders, crystalline solids, tablets, capsules, and liquids, some of which resemble “Ecstasy,” “Molly,” or MDMA (de Campos, 2020; Schram et al, 2021; UNODC, 2020b). However, these drugs may also appear in alternative forms.…”

Section: Synthetic Cathinonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Identification of synthetic cathinones in seized materials: A review of analytical strategies applied in forensic chemistry

Campos

Krotulski

Martinis

et al. 2022

WIREs Forensic Science

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Synthetic cathinones are a class of novel psychoactive substances, commonly tested in seized materials by forensic chemistry laboratories. These drugs have been found in different types of seized materials including powders, tablets, liquids, herbs, and blotters. A comprehensive review of the literature shows that the analyses of synthetic cathinones have been performed by a diverse repertoire of techniques, from more traditional to emerging methods. Techniques commonly used in the analysis of "traditional" illicit drugs, such as color and microcrystalline tests, chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, mass spectrometry (MS), and infrared (IR), and Raman spectroscopies, have been used for screening and/or confirmatory purposes, depending on the technique and laboratories preference. However, other emerging techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, high-resolution MS, direct analysis in real-time MS, gas chromatography with IR detection, and so on, have been drawing the attention of forensic scientists due to the advantages of these techniques in providing important structural data. It is important to consider that each technique presents analytical benefits and limitations, which should be considered when analyzing synthetic cathinones in seized materials. Furthermore, the combination of more than one analytical technique is always recommended, especially when an unknown synthetic cathinone is suspected and/or encountered in the sample.

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