Novel DNA Biosensing Platform for Detecting HIV Integrase for Highly Sensitive and Quantitative HIV Detection, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Monitoring

Abstract

Straightforward, sensitive, and specific human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) assays are urgently needed. The creation of a point-of-care (POC) device for decentralized diagnostics has the potential to significantly reduce the time to treatment, especially for infectious diseases. Notably, however, many POC solutions proposed to date fall short of meeting the ASSURED guidelines, which are crucial for effective deployment in the field. Herein, we developed a DNA biosensor platform for the specific and quantitative detection of HIV. The platform contains a rolling circle amplification (RCA)-based DNA biosensor and a portable fluorescence detector, in which HIV-encoded integrase (IN) enzyme activity is used as a biomarker to achieve HIV-specific detection. The cleavage and integration reaction of IN on the sensor surface and RCA are combined in this detection platform to perform detection signal cascade amplification, ultimately achieving a detection limit of 0.125 CFU/μL of HIV particles. Moreover, the DNA sensor system exhibited high sensitivity and accuracy for detecting HIV in clinical samples, suggesting that it has potential for application in clinical settings to detect retroviruses other than HIV. In addition, quantitative detection based on this biosensing platform was significantly correlated with the CD4+ lymphocytes count, which can provide guidance for antiretroviral therapy and which affects long-term death risk assessment in HIV patients. Therefore, this DNA biosensing platform based on IN activity is expected to be useful for rapid HIV testing, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring, enabling the development of new POC diagnostic tests and will thus be highly valuable for developing HIV prevention strategies and effective treatments.