Novel Divergent Polar Bear-Associated Mastadenovirus Recovered from a Deceased Juvenile Polar Bear

Dayaram, Anisha; Tsangaras, Kyriakos; Pavulraj, Selvaraj; Azab, Walid; Groenke, Nicole; Wibbelt, Gudrun; Sicks, Florian; Osterrieder, Nikolaus; Greenwood, Alex D.

doi:10.1128/msphere.00171-18

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…This virus clustered with a group of mastadenoviruses identified in mice, cows, pigs, bats, and a polar bear. Mastadenoviruses are in some cases associated with diseases including encephalitis, respiratory disease ( Chen and Tian 2018 ), and gastrointestinal symptoms ( Dayaram et al. 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent hepaciviruses, delta-like viruses, and a chu-like virus in Australian marsupial carnivores (dasyurids)

Harvey,

Mifsud,

Holmes

et al. 2023

Virus Evolution

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Although Australian marsupials are characterised by unique biology and geographic isolation, little is known about the viruses present in these iconic wildlife species. The Dasyuromorphia are an order of marsupial carnivores found only in Australia that include both the extinct Tasmanian tiger (thylacine) and the highly threatened Tasmanian devil. Several other members of the order are similarly under threat of extinction due to habitat loss, hunting, disease, and competition and predation by introduced species such as feral cats. We utilised publicly available RNA-seq data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database to document the viral diversity within four Dasyuromorph species. Accordingly, we identified fifteen novel virus sequences from five DNA virus families (Adenoviridae, Anelloviridae, Gammaherpesvirinae, Papillomaviridae, and Polyomaviridae) and three RNA virus taxa: the order Jingchuvirales, the genus Hepacivirus, and the delta-like virus group. Of particular note was the identification of a marsupial-specific clade of delta-like viruses that may indicate an association of deltaviruses with marsupial species. In addition, we identified a highly divergent hepacivirus in a numbat liver transcriptome that falls outside of the larger mammalian clade. We also detect what may be the first Jingchuvirales virus in a mammalian host—a chu-like virus in Tasmanian devils—thereby expanding the host range beyond invertebrates and ectothermic vertebrates. As many of these Dasyuromorphia species are currently being used in translocation efforts to reseed populations across Australia, understanding their virome is of key importance to prevent the spread of viruses to naive populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent hepaciviruses, delta-like viruses, and a chu-like virus in Australian marsupial carnivores (dasyurids)

Harvey,

Mifsud,

Holmes

et al. 2023

Virus Evolution

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“…Attempts of virus isolation in cell culture system: Tissue inoculums for virus isolation was prepared as described previously [16]. Briefly, tissue samples collected from the elephant “Kanja” (tongue, spleen and whole blood) were homogenized in the presence of cold PBS with 2% P-S and 2.5 µg/mL of amphotericin B, incubated on ice for 10 min, and frozen at −80 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indirect immunofluorescence (IF) assay: Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect herpesvirus antigen in cell culture as described previously [7,16]. ENL-2, CrFK, and PBMC were incubated with 200 µL of infected tongue tissue homogenate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Infection of Two Young Asian Elephants

Pavulraj

Eschke

Prahl³

et al. 2019

Microorganisms

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Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) can cause a devastating haemorrhagic disease in young Asian elephants worldwide. Here, we report the death of two young Asian elephants after suffering from acute haemorrhagic disease due to EEHV-1A infection. We detected widespread distribution of EEHV-1A in various organs and tissues of the infected elephants. Enveloped viral particles accumulated within and around cytoplasmic electron-dense bodies in hepatic endothelial cells were detected. Attempts to isolate the virus on different cell cultures showed limited virus replication; however, late viral protein expression was detected in infected cells. We further showed that glycoprotein B (gB) of EEHV-1A possesses a conserved cleavage site Arg-X-Lys/Arg-Arg that is targeted by the cellular protease furin, similar to other members of the Herpesviridae. We have determined the complete 180 kb genome sequence of EEHV-1A isolated from the liver by next-generation sequencing and de novo assembly. As virus isolation in vitro has been unsuccessful and limited information is available regarding the function of viral proteins, we have attempted to take the initial steps in the development of suitable cell culture system and virus characterization. In addition, the complete genome sequence of an EEHV-1A in Europe will facilitate future studies on the epidemiology and diagnosis of EEHV infection in elephants.

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“…Besides the BtAdV‐related viruses, partial DNA polymerase sequences have been obtained from a number of carnivorans including harbor seal, northern elephant seal, fur seal, cat, marten, least weasel, and Eurasian otter . From California sea lion and polar bear AdVs, the full genome sequence was published .…”

Section: Advs In Mammals (Mastadenovirus Atadenovirus)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenoviruses across the animal kingdom: a walk in the zoo

2019

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Adenoviruses (AdVs) infect representatives of numerous species from almost every major vertebrate class, albeit their incidence shows great variability. AdVs infecting birds, reptiles, and bats are the most common and diverse, whereas only one AdV has been so far isolated both from fish and amphibians. The family Adenoviridae is divided into five genera, each corresponding to an independent evolutionary lineage that supposedly coevolved with its respective vertebrate hosts. Members of genera Mastadenovirus and Aviadenovirus seem to infect exclusively mammals and birds, respectively. The genus Ichtadenovirus includes the single known AdV from fish. The majority of AdVs in the genus Atadenovirus originated from squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes), but also certain mammalian and avian AdVs are classified within this genus. The genus Siadenovirus contains the only AdV isolated from frog, along with numerous avian AdVs. In turtles, members of a sixth AdV lineage have been discovered, pending official recognition as an independent genus. The most likely scenario for AdV evolution includes long‐term cospeciation with the hosts, as well as occasional switches between closely or, rarely, more distantly related hosts.

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Novel Divergent Polar Bear-Associated Mastadenovirus Recovered from a Deceased Juvenile Polar Bear

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Divergent hepaciviruses, delta-like viruses, and a chu-like virus in Australian marsupial carnivores (dasyurids)

Divergent hepaciviruses, delta-like viruses, and a chu-like virus in Australian marsupial carnivores (dasyurids)

Fatal Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Infection of Two Young Asian Elephants

Adenoviruses across the animal kingdom: a walk in the zoo

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