Novel dehydration of stilbene oxides to diphenylacetylene using flash vacuum thermolysis with solid acid catalysts

Waals, A.C.L.M. van der; Klunder, A. J. H.; Buren, F.R. van; Zwanenburg, B.

doi:10.1016/s1381-1169(98)00034-x

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…13 Alternatively, these polymers can also be used a FR additives. Research on 1,1-dichloro-2,2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane (BPC), a commercially used halogenated flame retardant, indicate that the high char yields observed (upon burning) is due to the formation of diphenylacetylene derivatives 14 which help in cutting off supply of oxygen, thereby preventing further degradation/ burning of the polymer. The char-forming abilities of these substituted phenols have been gainfully utilized for the synthesis of polyphosphonate-phenol copolymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halogen-free ultra-high flame retardant polymers through enzyme catalysis

Ravichandran

Nagarajan

et al. 2012

Green Chem.

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Over the past few years, the use of certain types of halogenated flame retardant additives such as decabromodiphenylether has come under intense scrutiny due to their toxicity, environmental persistence and bio-accumulation. There is an immediate need for the development of non-toxic alternative flame retardant materials and fire resistant polymers with comparable or better efficacies, obtained using benign synthetic approaches. Enzymatic polymerization is being used increasingly as an environmentally friendly alternative method for the synthesis of functional materials including polymers and additives. Here, we report a biocatalytic synthesis of a new class of thermally stable, ultra-fire resistant polyphenols based on deoxybenzoins. In calorimetric studies, these polyphenols exhibit very low heat release capacities (comparable to Nomex™) and form a large amount of carbonaceous char rendering them suitable for flame retardant applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halogen-free ultra-high flame retardant polymers through enzyme catalysis

Ravichandran

Nagarajan

et al. 2012

Green Chem.

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“…The char yields (at 800 C) for BHDBpolyarylate and polyphosphonate homopolymers were 45 and 52%, respectively, whereas the char yields for the arylate-phosphonate copolymers were in the range of 50-58%. Degradation of deoxybenzoin moieties into char, postulated to go through diphenylacetylene, contributes to the observed high char yields [11]. The replacement of arylates with phosphonates increases the char yield to 52%.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…BPA-polyarylate and polyphosphonate have char yields of w30 and w23%, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for the BHDB-polyarylates and polyphosphonates are w45 and w52%. The lower HRCs and higher char yields of BHDB-polymers may arise from thermally induced conversion of deoxybenzoin to diphenylacetylene moieties, which subsequently form char by cross-linking or aromatization [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal degradation of deoxybenzoin polymers studied by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Ranganathan

Beaulieu

Zilberman

et al. 2008

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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“…However, a general concern over the chlorine content of BPC has slowed (or precluded) commercialization of BPC-containing polymers. We hypothesized that BHDB would possess a similar charring propensity as BPC, dehydrating to form diphenylacetylene units that can aromatize, cross-link, and char [8,9]. Here we introduce the diepoxide (or diglycidyl ether) of BHDB, termed BEDB (meaning bisepoxydeoxybenzoin), as a novel cross-linker for epoxy adhesive chemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%